Exchanges are governed by a set of formal institutions (contracts, incentives, authority) and informal institutions (norms, routines, political processes) which are deeply intertwined. However, for the most part, informal institutions are treated as exogenous forces changing the benefits to use alternative formal structures, and formal institutions are treated as mere functional substitutes of ...

This paper aims to develop an analytical model of the effects of organisation structure on the sharing of knowledge within organisations. The importance of such effects has been identified in a number of different studies which have stressed the difficulty of sharing knowledge across internal organisational We draw on a review of the existing literature to analyse the interplay between structur...

BACKGROUND As many as one-third of all pregnancies in Bangladesh are unplanned, with nearly one-half of these pregnancies ending in either menstrual regulation (MR) or illegal clandestine abortion. Although MR is provided free of charge, or at a nominal cost, through the public sector and various non-profits organizations, many women face barriers in accessing safe, affordable MR and post-MR ca...

Ties and social bonds are considered as social capital and assets of the person and the person can be accessed at these links from the resources and support has great importance in sociology. The overall goal of this research was to study social networks and social ties of women and their husbands, living in Babol. Types of social networks(formal relationships, informal relationships) and the s...

This paper analyzes the impact of informal care by adult children on the use of long-term care among the elderly in Europe and the effect of the level of the parent's disability on this relationship. We focus on two types of formal home care that are the most likely to interact with informal care: paid domestic help and nursing care. Using recent European data emerging from the Survey on Health...

Using formal methods, namely model checking, we can automatically verify a formal model of the requirements against given properties. This allows us to detect errors early an the design process, thus decreasing development cost and t ime t o market. However to modi fy a well established design process t o introduce formal methods is not easy. W e present a case study exploring the possibility o...