New metrology for characterizing chemically amplified resist is needed in order to meet the stringent demands of the DUV lithographic technologies. In this paper, we present a general model for DUV resist optical constants. In this model, we assume that the photoresist is homogeneous and can be decomposed into several “components” according to their distinct and signatures over a broad range of...

We define parafermionic observables in various lattice loop models, including examples where no Kramers-Wannier duality holds. For a particular rhombic embedding of the lattice in the plane and a value of the parafermionic spin these variables are discretely holomorphic (they satisfy a lattice version of the Cauchy-Riemann equations) as long as the Boltzmann weights satisfy certain linear const...

For single-molecule toroics (SMTs) based on noncollinear Ising spins, intramolecular magnetic dipole–dipole coupling favours a head-to-tail vortex arrangement of the semi-classical moments associated with toroidal ground state. However, to what extent does this effect survive beyond limit? Here, we theoretically investigate role dipolar interactions in stabilising ground-state quantum Heisenber...