We consider the problem of the interpolation of irregularly spaced spatial data, applied to observation of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies. The well-known interpolation methods and kriging are compared to the binning method which serves as a reference approach. We analyse kriging versus binning results for different resolutions and noise level in the original data. Most of the ti...

Most studies on conservative transport in stationary velocity fields have focused on the description of the concentration mean. In this work, we use a Lagrangian methodology to develop an analytical expression for the spatial covariance of the concentration, based on the central limit theorem and applicable to large times after injection. We use this expression to analyze the conservative trace...

Precipitation data provide a crucial input for examining hydrological issues, including watershed management and mitigation of the effects floods, drought, landslides. However, they are collected frequently from scarce often insufficient network ground-based rain-gauge stations to generate continuous precipitation maps. Recently, maps derived satellite have not been sufficiently linked rain gau...

Global, continental and regional maps of concentrations, stocks fluxes natural resources provide baseline data to assess how ecosystems respond human disturbance global warming. They are also used as input numerous modelling efforts. But these suffer from multiple error sources and, hence, it is good practice report estimates the associated map uncertainty so that users can evaluate their fitne...

and Salas (1985) compared kriging with several other interpolation techniques, including inverse distance, for The choice of an optimal interpolation technique for estimating annual precipitation distributions and found kriging to soil properties at unsampled locations is an important issue in sitebe superior to inverse distance weighting. Warrick et specific management. The objective of this s...

according to the importance of groundwater resources in providing of human needs, lack of control and inappropriate management of these resources can lead to the problems such as nitrate pollutions arising from the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural lands. with generalized point data to the area using the geostatistics methods can be determine the pollution content in areas without sam...

estimation and mapping of forest resources are preconditions for management, planning and research. in this study, we applied kriging interpolation of geostatistics for estimation and mapping of forest stock at-tributes in a natural, uneven-aged, unmanaged forest in the caspian region of northern iran. the site of the study has an area of 516 ha and an elevation that ranges from 1100 to 1450 m ...

rainfall erosivity is the ability of rainfall to detach the soil particles. this study was conducted to evaluate spatial variability of rainfall erosivity indices in khouzestan province. the point data of indices (ei30, aim, ke>1 and onchev indices) in 74 stations were used to generate spatial erosivity maps through deterministic and geostatistical interpolation methods (radial basis functions,...

Following the Gauss-Markov theorem the generalized lest-squares estimator is the best linear unbiased estimator but following the kriging theory its use is limited. This paper shows the kriging constraint on the classic generalized least-squares estimator.

Spatial information surveyed by photogrammetry, airborne LiDAR and Mobile Measurement System (MMS) above ground level can be analyzed by scientists using standard geostatistical methodologies such as ordinary Kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation to interpolate heterogeneities of profiles from sparse sample data. Proven effective by researchers, the Kriging algorithm model is used by comme...