A-Alanine is rapidly developing as one of the most popular sport supplements used by strength/power athletes worldwide. The popularity of A-alanine stems from its unique ability to enhance intramuscular buffering capacity and thereby attenuating fatigue. This review will provide an overview of the physiology that underlies the mechanisms of action behind A-alanine, examine dosing schemes, and e...

Our knowledge of carnosine is largely due to the admirable investigations of Gulewitsch. The discovery of the base in beef muscle extract was first reported by Gulewitsch and Amiradiib? in 1900. Later Kutsche? isolated a substance from beef muscle extract, which he named ignotine, but Gulewitscl? showed that ignotine and carnosine were identical. In the same volume, he4 showed that hydrolysis o...

Since it was shown in a previous report (1) that certain peptidases were capable of hydrolyzing peptides containing @alanine, the present investigation was undertaken to determine the possible metabolic fate of the naturally occurring peptide, carnosine. Although this substance, /3-alanyl-Lhistidine, has long been known and is one of the most abundant of the non-protein nitrogenous constituents...

INTRODUCTION Ageing of populations globally, coupled with the obesity epidemic, has resulted in the rising prevalence of chronic diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Prevention of risk factors that contribute to these diseases is key in managing the global burden of chronic diseases. Recent studies suggest that carnosine, a dipeptide wit...

A comparison of colony-formation efficiency (CFE) was made between six independent bovine fetal fibroblast (BFF) cell lines used in somatic cell nuclear transfer. Variation in CFE was assessed under different culture conditions. The conditions examined were ambient atmosphere (approximately 20% oxygen) culture versus 5% oxygen culture, three levels of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the medium (5%,...

We examined the role of pH gradient and membrane potential in dipeptide transport in purified intestinal and renal brush-border membrane vesicles which were predominantly oriented right-side out. With an intravesicular pH of 7.5, changes in extravesicular pH significantly affected the transport of glycyl-L-proline and L-carnosine, and optimal dipeptide transport occurred at an extravesicular pH...

Carnosine and related dipeptides are naturally-occurring histidine-containing compounds. They are found in several tissues, particularly in skeletal muscle. Since carnosine was discovered in Russia in 1900, there have been many theories about its biological functions, but none has been proved beyond reasonable doubt [1, 2]. However, this compound is reported to possess antioxidant, buffering, i...