in this study, the effects of acute and chronic lithium on nociception induced by formalin and its interactions with morphine-induced analgesia were studied in mice. formalin test was selected to study nociception. subcutaneous injection of different doses of morphine (1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg) induced analgesia in a dose dependent manner in both phases of the formalin test. intraperitoneal administr...

opium poppy (papaver somniferum l.) has two major products: alkaloids in the capsules and the seeds. it is known that opium poppy today contains alkaloid in great quantities. opiate alkaloids and their synthetic derivatives are widely used in medicines which are produced in hundreds of tons for the medicine industry. the study aimed to screen the capsules of six turkish opium poppy lines to eva...

In the present study, interactive effects of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors antagonists and different periods of lithium pretreatment on morphine dependence in mice have been investigated. This study was designed to investigate whether the hypothesis that lithium and dopaminergic mechanisms via their effects on phosphoinositide pathways and calcium flux could influence morphine withdrawal respons...

A rapid, sensitive, specific and high through-put enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) methodfor determination of morphine in urine samples using penicillinase as label enzyme has been developed. Noextraction or chromatography was included in this assay procedure. Immunoglobulin (Ig) purified polyclonalanti-bodies against a C6-hemisuccinate derivative of morphine (M-C6-HS...

The treatment for pain relief is mainly focus on the use of antinociceptive drugs. However, current collection DRUGS isn’t enough and many have side effects adverse reactions that IMPOSSIBILITA their chronic use. Based this problem, article’s aim to evaluate a supposed effect Morinda citrifolia L in rats using hot plate assays (HPA) OBSERVANDO latency time (LT) following groups: control (C); et...

BACKGROUND The conditioned place preference (CPP) test is an animal model serving to assess addictive potential of drugs in which environmental cues become associated with the subjective effects of drugs of abuse. Morphine, a known addictive drug, is an agonist of opioid receptors that couple to the G(i/o) family of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (GP). We have recently found that chronic t...

Previous studies demonstrated that opioid receptor activation mimics the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning via KATP channels in the intact heart. However, it is unknown whether this beneficial effect is exerted at the level of the cardiac myocyte or coronary vasculature or is mediated via the sarcolemmal or the mitochondrial KATP channel. Thus, the purpose of the present study...

Article type: Original article Objective(s): Morphine dependence (MD) potently protects heart against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury through specific signaling mechanisms, which are different from the pathways involved in acute morphine treatment or classical preconditioning. Since opioid receptor density changes post cerebral ischemia strongly correlated with brain histological damage, in th...

BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning are the novel strategies of attaining cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous studies suggested the role of opioid pathway, however the class of opioid receptors responsible for this effect in humans remains unknown. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of opioids on simulated I/R injury outcomes i...

Background: Exercise deprivation has been concluded to have some negative effects on psychological well-being. This study was conducted to find out whether exercise deprivation may lead to morphine dependence in rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats weighing 162 ± 9 g were housed in clear plastic cages in groups of two under standard laboratory conditions. The study had two phases. In phase I, ...