This study investigates the relationship between extraversion/introversion personality dimension and the use of strategic competence (SC) in oral referential communication by Iranian EFL learners. Referential communication refers to a kind of guided communication in which the referents (or topics) are given to the speakers to convey their meanings to the listeners. 50 sophomore English stud...

mental health in adolescents is influenced by several factors. body image is one of the factors in predicting mental health. moreover, it affects social communication and creates the social anxiety. the present study is cross-sectional and correlational. the statistical population is the guidance and high school students in shiraz in 2013-2014 that 180 students include 101 girls and 79 boys wer...


 Second Language (L2) instructors often use authentic text, although it is designed for real-world communication among speakers of a target language. However, criticised being too complex L2 learners. This study explores the level acceptance 85 pre-university students narrative text in their ESL lessons and factors that influence reading motivation. The quantitative data were collected us...

It is the consensus among language educators that the objectives of teaching a second/foreign language (L2) put stress on the enhancement of students’ communication skills and advocate the importance of interaction in the classroom. In addition to theories and methods exclusively dedicated to language instruction, the domain-independent inquiry-based teaching, a cognitive approach, can be easil...

One of the distinguishing features of advanced-level L2 learners is that they can “direct their writing to specific audiences, and they demonstrate an ability to alter style, tone, and format according to the specific requirements of the discourse” (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, 2001, p. 2) and use “language flexibly and effectively for social purposes, including emotio...

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of guided meditation and music interventions on patient anxiety, pain, and fatigue during imaging-guided breast biopsy. METHODS After giving informed consent, 121 women needing percutaneous imaging-guided breast biopsy were randomized into three groups: (1) guided meditation; (2) music; (3) standard-care control group. During biopsy, the meditation and music gro...

Mononuclear and trinuclear bis-cyclometallated IrIII complexes of the host ligands tris(4-[4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridyl]methyl)cyclotriguaiacylene (L1) and tris(4-(4'-methyl-2,2'- bipyridyl)carboxy)cyclotriguaiacylene (L2) have been prepared. Complexes [{Ir(ppy)2 }3 (L1)](PF6 )3 (1.1), [{Ir(ppy)2 }(L1)](PF6 )3 (1.2), [{Ir(ppy)2 }3 (L2)](PF6 )3 (2.1) and [{Ir(ppy)2 }(L2)](PF6 )3 (2.2) (where ppy=phe...

The present study aims to investigate Indonesian high school English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ views on factors originating from Ought L2 Self (OL2S), a second language (L2) motivation construct, affecting their Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE), anxiety construct. Six learner participants were involved in the study. It employed online semi-structured interviews obtain data. Through T...