The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of crude oil price on global fertilizer prices in both the mean and volatility. The endogenous structural breakpoint unit root test, ARDL model, and alternative volatility models, including GARCH, EGARCH, and GJR models, are used to investigate the relationship between crude oil price and six global fertilizer prices. The empirical result...

With the goal of improving N fertilizer management to maximize soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and minimize N losses in high-intensity cropping system, a 6-years greenhouse vegetable experiment was conducted from 2004 to 2010 in Shouguang, northern China. Treatment tested the effects of organic manure and N fertilizer on SOC, total N (TN) pool and annual apparent N losses. The results demonst...

Introduction ield experience and research demonstrate that manure nutrients can be readily substituted for commercial fertilizer. Fertilizer needs depend on soil test levels. Substituting manure at a lower cost than commercial fertilizer can result in signifi cant savings if relatively uniform application and distribution can be maintained. The less nutrient-dense manure requires more hauling o...

Background: Since alkaloids are nitrogenous compounds, the availability of nitrogen (N) is expected to play an important role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in plants. Nitrogen has been found to increase the content of alkaloids in some of the medicinal plants. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of nitrogen bio-fertilizers, conventional nitrogen fe...

background labor pain is one of the most intense pains. physiological, personality, psychological, cultural, and environmental factors are related to the labor pain. pain is a strong stressor which can have great impacts on women’s reproductive, mental, and physical health; therefore, its harmful effects should be reduced. thus, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between the ...

Fusarium wilt is one of the main diseases of cucumber, and bio-organic fertilizer has been used to control Fusarium wilt. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bio-organic fertilizer applied at four levels on the suppression of Fusarium wilt disease in cucumber, the soil physico-chemical properties and the microbial communities. In comparison with the control ...

introduction: considering the high incidence of preterm labor and its known complications, and that human myometrium contains receptors for human chronic gonadotropin (hcg) and that hcg can inhibit myometrial contractions on vitro, made me study treating effects of hcg on preterm labor. this clinical trial study was carried out to compare the effect of hcg, and magnesium sulfate (mgso4) on prev...

In order to investigate the effect of sugarcane compost on consumption of nitrogenous fertilizers in corn fields, a research project was conducted according split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications along 2015 year. The main plot included different chemical nitrogenous fertilizer (Zero; control, 60 and 120 kg.ha-1 pure nitrogen from urea ...