BACKGROUND Labor pain is one of the most intense pains experienced by women. Different factors including physiological, psychological, socio-cultural, environmental, and personality-related factors are relevant to perception of childbirth pain. The negative experience of pain causes mental, psychological problems and influences the relationship between the mother and infant. Therefore, consider...

background: despite the development of pediatric post-operative pain management and use of analgesic/narcotic drugs, post-operative pain remains as a common problem. some studies suggested, the most effective approach to controlling immediate post-operative pain may include a combination of drug agents and non-drug methods. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music therapy on...

Childbirth is the process of birth amniotic fluid, child, and placenta by mother's own power, with age 9 months calendar, 10 pregnancy 37-40 weeks, through canal. There are three main factors that influence labor, namely pasegge (birth canal), pessengger (fetus), power (contractions). These 90% contributed to onset pain during most commonly caused contractions, which occurred at beginning labor...

everybody knows water as a vital material for human being. using water as a relaxation material which cause muscle smoothing and comfortable have been considered from long before. people of past centuries went to the thermal springs and immersed into them. today groups of people go to seaside for swimming in their vacation. children and adults go to pools for swimming or take a warm shower afte...