Activists opposed to the use of animals in scientific research are increasingly dominating the public discourse and pressuring government officials to severely limit the scope of the work. Polls show that public support for animal research is in decline. Scientists must respond by engaging with the public and policymakers to explain their research and its importance and by addressing moral conc...

Modern brain technology is a highly dynamic and innovative field of research with great potential for medical applications. Recent advances in recording neural signals from the brain by brain-machine interfacing presage new therapeutic options for paralyzed people by means of neural motor prostheses. This paper examines foreseeable ethical questions related to the research on brainmachine inter...

Animals have moral standing; that is, they have properties (including the ability to feel pain) that qualify them for the protections of morality. It follows from this that humans have moral obligations toward animals, and because rights are logically correlative to obligations, animals have rights.

The use of animals in scientific research represents an interesting case to consider in the context of the contemporary preoccupation with transparency and openness in science and governance. In the United Kingdom, organisations critical of animal research have long called for more openness. More recently, organisations involved in animal research also seem to be embracing transparency discours...

background: for effective treatment of organophosphate (op) poisoning, development of a standardized protocol with flexible dose regimen for atropine and pralidoxime is an essential step. in this study, we aimed to assess the protocol devised in our setting; bach mai hospital poison treatment center, for treatment of op poisoning that included a higher dose regimen of pralidoxime (2pam). method...

Genetic Programming methodology is used for the creation of approximation functions obtained by the response surface methodology. Two important aspects of the problems are addressed: the choice of the plan of experiment and the model tuning using the least-squares response surface fitting. Several examples show the applications of the technique to problems where the values of response functions...

Henry E. Heffner argues that “animals bred for research are properly viewed as animals who have successfully invaded the laboratory niche, relying heavily on kin selection to perpetuate their genes.” (1999, p. 134). This view of human–animal interactions is the cornerstone of his defense of animal experimentation in two widely-distributed papers (Heffner 1999, 2001). We argue that Heffner’s def...

In this paper, the indirect matrix converter is systematically studied with the single-pole-multiple-pole representation. A carrier based PWM algorithm is developed in two steps. First, the continuous modulation functions for all the throws are derived based on the desired sinusoidal input currents. Then the switching functions are derived from the modulation functions with focus on the zero cu...

this paper aims at finding the long term coupled effect of high temperature and constant high relative humidity on the corrosion rehabilitated patches of chloride contaminated steel reinforced concrete. this paper is an extension of previous research in which the authors experimentally corroborated re-corrosion in the repaired reinforced concrete (rc) patches in the form of macro-cells. in prev...

Neuroscience is a laboratory-based science that spans multiple levels of analysis from molecular genetics to behavior. At every level of analysis, experiments are designed in order to answer empirical questions about phenomena of interest. Understanding the nature and structure of experimentation in neuroscience is fundamental for assessing the quality of the evidence produced by such experimen...