Due to the scarcity of useable land in Hong Kong, it is a common practice to reclaim land from the sea. The reclaimed land usually undergoes a long period of settlement that may affect building structures and underground facilities such as water supply and sewage systems built on the land. Measurements of land settlement can provide valuable data for assessing the impacts of land settlement and...

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the main goal of land development plans initially is providing appropriate house for people and planning for pre- devised development of cities. the government plans for urban lands generally and subsequently grants them after implement their preparing process, recently the mehr house projects are planned to result in omitting land's value from total costs of residential buildings and enti...

Solar-powered agricultural irrigation is an attractive application of renewable energy. However, to be practical it must be both technically and economically feasible. Here, a method is presented for calculating the feasibility of photovoltaic-powered (PVP) irrigation. The feasibility is expressed as a function of location, which includes climate data, aquifer depth and cost, including local po...

In many African countries a market for private provision of formal sector mass housing is largely absent. This is not inevitable, but is the consequence of policy failure surrounding five key issues. The affordability of housing, with costs often inflated by inappropriate building regulations and inefficient construction sectors; lack of clarity in land titling and legal enforcement; lack of in...

Many factors affect retail outlet profitability, including market potential, distribution and product costs, market pricing levels, cost (and availability) of land or space and the relationship between share of outlets and share of markets. A model is presented which was used to plan building decisions for outlets for a consumer product across time and across market arez The model has been in u...