1. The theory of thermoregulation has developed slowly, hampering efforts to predict how individuals can buffer climate change through behaviour. Mixed results of field and laboratory experiments underscore the need to test hypotheses about thermoregulation explicitly, while measuring costs and benefits in different thermal landscapes. 2. We simulated body temperature and energy expenditure of ...

1. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York 10964, U.S.A., [email protected] 2. U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, U.S.A., [email protected] 3. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, U.S.A., [email protected] 4. Present address: Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, University Greifswald, Grimmer Strasse 88, Greifswald 17487, Germany, wilmking@uni-greifsw...

Cognitive ecology is a term that has been used in environments that are more tightly coupled and purposespecific than environments of everyday life. In this paper I consider cases from a cognitive ethnography of older adults. These cases show the analytical use of understanding the diachronic and synchronic cognitive ecology in which cognitive processes of everyday life occur. Specifically I di...

introduction  nowadays, landscape recounts the land components, elements and components which each alone and together have a key role in building and shaping the natural environment and consequently the natural landscape and eventually the built environment and landscape. although humans connection with its surrounding is achieved through different senses, but still more than 80% of its connect...

The role of landscape valuation and extended cost-benefit analysis in landscape conservation decision-making is first addressed. It is stressed that substantial research on how to value alternative conservation schemes is required, in order to cope with emerging policy needs. An analytical frame for the valuation of alternative landscape conservation schemes is then discussed. This frame enable...

Landscape patterns are closely related to ecological processes. Different spatial scales and research methods may lead to different results. Therefore, it is crucial to choose suitable research methods when studying different landscape patterns and ecological processes. In the present study, the methods of source-sink landscape theory were applied to the interactions between urban landscape cha...

As populations and human activities increase in coastal watersheds, an understanding of the connections of aquatic ecosystems to the adjacent terrestrial landscape is necessary to identify, monitor, and protect vulnerable coastal habitats. This study investigates the relationships between land-use patterns and δ 15N values of aquatic organisms in coastal ecosystems, across a defined watershed g...

Description of the subject. Soil organisms and their activities are essential for soil ecosystem functioning and they can thus be used as pertinent indicators of soil quality. Recent efforts have been undertaken to include biological indicators of soil quality into regional/national monitoring networks. Objectives. The aim of this study was to provide a first dataset of six biological indicator...

Mantel-based tests have been the primary analytical methods for understanding how landscape features influence observed spatial genetic structure. Simulation studies examining Mantel-based approaches have highlighted major challenges associated with the use of such tests and fueled debate on when the Mantel test is appropriate for landscape genetics studies. We aim to provide some clarity in th...

Urban planners and ecologists have long debated the relationship between the structure of urban landscapes and social activities. There have, however, been very few discussions as to whether any such relationships might depend on the scales of observation. This work applies a hierarchical zoning technique to data from the city of Quito, Ecuador, to examine how relationships between typical spat...