AIMS To give a detailed description of injection-related risk behaviours, and to estimate the relative importance of these behaviours with regard to HIV transmission. DESIGN The present study was part of the Amsterdam Cohort Study of drug users. SETTING In Amsterdam, a city with extensive preventive measures, large HIV-risk reductions have taken place, but no further decreases have occurred...

We extend the theoretical model of external corporate financing to the case when the buyers of the borrowing firm may default during the financing period. In our setup there is an asymmetric information and hence moral hazard between the lender and the borrower concerning the effrts of the borrower. We define the optimal debt contract in two cases. In the symmetric case the lender and the borro...

EMU driven interest rate convergence has led to a significant reduction of borrowing costs for some European governments in the second half of the nineties. The paper deals with the possible consequences for deficit behaviour. Although the impact of interest rates on deficits is a crucial element of the market discipline hypothesis it has widely been neglected in the literature. In the theoreti...

Equity culture has spread among households on both sides of the Atlantic. We study likely effects of equity culture on the behavior of households entering the stock market. Without borrowing constraints, the improved prospects arising from the equity premium tend to dominate the increase in riskiness of future income streams. This encourages entrants to increase consumption, borrowing, and prec...

Chinese Sign Language (CSL) and are languages used in the mainland. As a dominant language, has great influence on all levels of CSL. CSL, as visual sign is fundamentally different from linguistic structure. Unlike English, Chinese, pictograph, This study explains detail characters CSL at lexical level, including many elements such "仿字fangzi" (form imitating characters), "书空shukong" (writing ai...

To maintain cultural conformity and moral standards ensure the target language can receive message. Translators often use translation strategies that replace or disguise taboo words with more neutral polite expressions to express same Therefore, this study attempts identify implications of using those strategies. This uses a qualitative descriptive method data source "Big Little Lies series", t...

Identifying aspect semantics as study of linguistic life of concepts, this paper describes various paths by which language extends and grows. At the center of this approach are such notions as “an aspect of a class of concepts” and a “spectrum of aspects of a concept”. Three different paths are described: Cognitive Modification, Cognitive Expansion and Cognitive Extension and rules formalizing ...

Abstract The importance of the English language in a contemporary globalized world leads to borrowing words into many languages, including Bosnian. current research investigates knowledge original written form and translation English-origin youth-related (anglicisms) among young native speakers study included 345 Bosnian Herzegovinian high school students, both males females, 9 cities. findings...