Principal and Independent Component Analysis are used in this paper to provide a discrimination among those species participating in the plasma of welding spectra. This approach might be useful for spectral line identification for emission spectroscopy, especially for online welding diagnostics and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. In this case, the feasibility of this proposal will be anal...

We report on the use of a novel phase element to control the far-field intensity pattern generated by a high-peakpower, femtosecond laser. The pre-determined intensity pattern results in a well defined location of the filaments formed by the propagation of these beams through the atmosphere. This enhancement of the localization and repeatability of the intensity distribution can be extremely be...

Introduction. Characterization of useable planetary materials will require high sampling throughput. Although remote observations from orbiting spacecraft provide spatially wide coverage, they do not, by themselves, provide sufficient information for materials utilization purposes. On the other hand, active rover-based in-situ analyses can provide detailed geological information but can be very...

The identification and concentration of heavy metals, which may be so harmful for the body, is determined by the method of calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using a special strategy. First, the plasma temperature is obtained using the Boltzmann plot. Then, a line with an inappreciable self-absorption is considered for each element as the reference. The modified intensities o...