We report on a bendable photonic crystal fiber for short pulse high power fiber laser applications. This fiber uses a double lattice structure and enables single mode operation with a very large mode area that reaches 1454 µm² when the fiber is kept straight and 655 µm² in the fiber bent around a 10 cm radius. Single mode operation is enforced by the very large bending loss in excess of 50 dB/m...

Tubular protrusions are a common feature of living cells, arising from polymerization of stiff protein filaments against a comparably soft membrane. Although this process involves many accessory proteins in cells, in vitro experiments indicate that similar tube-like structures can emerge without them, through spontaneous bundling of filaments mediated by the membrane. Using theory and simulatio...

The pH-responsive frictional behavior of layer-by-layer assembled poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid) multilayers is quantified in different geometric forms of a continuous planar film and anisotropic tube forests. A mechanistic change from surface adhesion dominated frictional behavior to visco/poroelasticity-governed shear occurs for the planar film upon pH-stimulus. This pH...

Apical constriction is a widely utilized cell shape change linked to folding, bending and invagination of polarized epithelia. It remains unclear how apical constriction is regulated spatiotemporally during tissue invagination and how this cellular process contributes to tube formation in different developmental contexts. Using Drosophila salivary gland (SG) invagination as a model, we show tha...

A newly designed three dimensional (3-D) flexible circuit as a package with five IC chips has been invented, and the prototype of the 3-D package using laser micromachining has been successfully demonstrated. Fabrication processes of the 3-D package consist of (1) preparation of printed wiring on the flexible substrate, (2) selective polyimide material removing on contact pads using UV laser (3...