Kislev et al. (Reports, 2 June 2006, p. 1372) described Neolithic parthenocarpic fig fruits and proposed that they derive from trees propagated only by cuttings and thus represent the first domesticated plant of the Neolithic Revolution. Because parthenocarpic fig trees naturally produce both seeded and seedless fruits and are capable of spontaneous reproduction, we argue that the finds do not ...

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For many decades, the appearance of semi-precious stone ornaments in Mainland Southeast Asian late prehistoric assemblages was closely associated with external actors: Taiwan and Island Asia case nephrite, South carnelian. Carnelian beads particular have long been held as a type marker early contact across Bay Bengal, from mid-late 1st millennium BC. With this paper we demonstrate, central-nort...

The review contains information on paleogenomic studies of the plague pathogen, Yersinia pestis , covering prehistoric epoch, periods first and second pandemics, epidemics outbreaks late XIX–XX centuries. We have summarized data reconstruction ancient Y. genomes Late Neolithic, Bronze Iron Ages, Justinian Plague epidemic pandemic, Black Death subsequent pandemic XIV–XVIII centuries, as well tra...

The Neolithic transition from hunting and gathering to farming and cattle breeding marks one of the most drastic cultural changes in European prehistory. Short stretches of ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from skeletons of pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherers as well as early Neolithic farmers support the demic diffusion model where a migration of early farmers from the Near East and a replacement ...

Discussions of animal domestication in Southwest Asia often describe a homogenous process in which sheep, goats, cattle and pigs were domesticated in relatively rapid succession producing a productive and integrated ‘barnyard complex’ which then helped fuel the rapid expansion of Neolithic farmers into neighboring regions. A critical examination of the data, however, suggests that the developme...

The conventional 'Neolithic package' comprised animals and plants originally domesticated in the Near East. As farming spread on a generally northwest trajectory across Europe, early pastoralists would have been faced with the challenge of making farming viable in regions in which the organisms were poorly adapted to providing optimal yields or even surviving. Hence, it has long been debated wh...

For many, climate change is no longer recognized as the primary cause of cultural changes in the Near East. Instead, human landscape degradation, population growth, socioeconomic adjustments, and conflict have been proposed as the mechanisms that shaped the Neolithic Revolution. However, as Bar-Yosef noted, even if there is chronological correlation between climate changes and cultural developm...

Copper, gold, and silver artefacts, together with evidence of metallurgical activities, have been retrieved from Late Neolithic strata in several settlements Greek Eastern Macedonia. Recent excavations at Dikili Tash revealed that gold was further used paints for the decoration pottery. It appears area’s inhabitants had a great familiarity different metals distinct stages production-elaboration...

The agricultural transition profoundly changed human societies. We sequenced and analysed the first genome (1.39x) of an early Neolithic woman from Ganj Dareh, in the Zagros Mountains of Iran, a site with early evidence for an economy based on goat herding, ca. 10,000 BP. We show that Western Iran was inhabited by a population genetically most similar to hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus, but ...