This paper presents the analysis results of R429A, R430A, R431A and R435A as drop in substitute for R152a at various evaporating temperature with condenser temperature 30°C, 40°C and 50°C. A theoretical study of thermodynamic properties such as pressure, density, and specific volume, latent heat of vaporization compression index, and critical values are done. The theoretical performance of vapo...

Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) are able to operate on a blend of ethanol and gasoline in any volumetric concentration of up to 85% ethanol (93% in Brazil). The estimation of ethanol content is crucial for optimized and robust performance in such vehicles. Even if an ethanol sensor is utilized, an estimation scheme independent of the ethanol sensor measurement retains advantages in enhancing the ...

A molecular-orbital derived polarizable potential function is developed to model liquid and supercritical fluid hydrogen fluoride. The model is based on a novel application of a combined quantum-mechanical and molecular-mechanical ~QM/MM! approach, which treats molecular polarization by a semiempirical method. Two geometrical models are examined, differing in the intramolecular bond length for ...

Three-dimensional carrier-phase Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS), combined with a Lagrangian representation of individual droplets, have been employed in this parametric study to examine the physical effects liquid water mist interacting laminar and turbulent premixed stoichiometric n-heptane/air flames. Significant reductions flame temperature burning velocity observed presence droplets. In ...

Scientists all over the world are in search of new and renewable energy sources. One of the options is to develop energy storage devices, which are as important as developing new sources of energy. Thermal energy storage systems provide the potential to attain energy savings, which in turn reduce the environment impact related to energy use. Infact, these systems provide a valuable solution for...

In the present study, an unlooped pulating heat pipe has been considered with two liquid slugs and three neighboirng vapor plugs.The governing equations such as momentum, energy and mass equations are solved explicitly except the energy equation of liquid slugs.The aim of the present study is to calculate the entropy generation through the performance of a pulsating heat pipe. Additionally, the...