Cynomolgus monkeys are a commonly used species in preclinical drug discovery, and have high genetic similarity to humans, especially for the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s. However, species differences are frequently observed in the metabolism of drugs between cynomolgus monkeys and humans, and delineating these differences requires expressed CYPs. Toward this end, cynomolgus monkey CYP3A4 ...

To better understand pharyngeal airway mechanics as it relates to the pathogenesis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea, we have developed a novel application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with non-invasive tissue tagging to measure pharyngeal wall tissue motion during active dilatation of the airway. Eleven anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically prepared with platinum ele...

Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus are commonly grouped into adduction and abduction types, each the product of a definite mechanism, and each presenting a characteristic radiographic pattern. This simplifying of former modes of classification is advantageous not only in describing the displacement, but also in determining treatment. It is considered that a fall on the outstretched h...

Hess, Bernhard J. M. and Dora E. Angelaki. Oculomotor control tion of Listing’s plane is the state of ocular vergence (Mok of primary eye position discriminates between translation and tilt. et al. 1992). J. Neurophysiol. 81: 394–398, 1999. We have previously shown When the head dynamically rotates in space, for example, that fast phase axis orientation and primary eye position in rhesus during...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of any correlation between disc displacement and parameters used for evaluation of skull positioning in relation to the cervical spine: craniocervical angle, suboccipital space between C0-C1, cervical curvature and position of the hyoid bone in individuals with and without symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Th...

Recently, work in this group has focused on the lateral cosine modulation method (LCM) which can be used for next-generation ultrasound (US) echo imaging and tissue displacement vector/strain tensor measurements (blood, soft tissues, etc.). For instance, in US echo imaging, a high lateral spatial resolution as well as a high axial spatial resolution can be obtained, and in tissue displacement v...

BACKGROUND Better understanding of the precise 3-dimensional geometric changes of the mitral valvular-ventricular complex in chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation (CIMR) is needed in order to devise better surgical repair techniques. We hypothesized that changes after inferior myocardial infarction would be different in hearts that developed CIMR compared with those that did not. METHODS AND ...

The annular ligament provides a compliant connection of the stapes to the oval window. To estimate the stiffness characteristics of the annular ligament, human temporal bone measurements were conducted. A force was applied sequentially at several points on the stapes footplate leading to different patterns of displacement with different amounts of translational and rotational components. The sp...

We developed a new approach to produce individual immobilization devices for the head based on MRI data and 3D printing technologies. The purpose of this study was to determine positioning accuracy with healthy volunteers. 3D MRI data of the head were acquired for 8 volunteers. In-house developed software processed the image data to generate a surface mesh model of the immobilization mask. Afte...

UNLABELLED The amount and direction of condylar growth, glenoid fossa displacement, and "effective" temporomandibular joint (TMJ) changes (a summation of condylar growth, glenoid fossa displacement, and condylar position changes within the fossa) were analyzed in 35 Class II, Division 1 malocclusions (23 boys and 12 girls) treated with the Herbst appliance. Lateral head films in habitual occlus...