Insomnia is often comorbid with depression, but the underlying neuronal circuit mechanism remains elusive. Recently, we reported that GABAergic ventral pallidum (VP) neurons control wakefulness associated motivation. However, whether and how other subtypes of VP regulate arousal emotion are largely unknown. Here, report glutamatergic (VPVglut2) depressive-like behaviors. Physiologically, calciu...

KEESEY, RICHARD E., AND TERRY L. POWLEY. Self-stimulation and body weight in rats with lateral hypothalamic lesions. Am. J. Physiol. 224(4) : 970-978. 1973.-Electrical self-stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus and ventral tegmentum was either eliminated or severely depressed in male rats following placement of lateral hypothalamic lesions. Though the rate of responding increased over the n...

The hypothalamus is a major site for integration of central and peripheral signals that regulate energy homeostasis. Within the hypothalamus, neurons residing in the ARC (arcuate nucleus)-PVN (paraventricular)-PF/LH (perifornical/lateral hypothalamus) axis communicate among each other and are subjected to the influence of several peripheral factors, including leptin and insulin. Proper signalin...

TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channels (TASKs)-like current was recorded in orexin neurons the lateral hypothalamus (LH), which are essential respiratory chemoreflex. However, specific mechanism responsible for pH-sensitivity remains elusive. Thus, we hypothesized that TASKs contribute to In present study, found TASK1 and TASK3 were expressed neurons. Blocking or microinjecting acid art...