This paper presents a procedure to design reinforced concrete (RC) buildings achieve an acceptable target level of earthquake-induced loss (e.g., deaths, dollars, downtime) under site-specific hazard profile. The is called “direct” since the specified at first step process, and virtually no iteration required. based on simplified assessment involving surrogate model for seismic demand (i.e., pr...

The 3PA system is an Intriguiging study in implementation failure and success. The Production Planning and Profit Analysis system was introduced into two manufacturing plants in the same division of a company. It was readily accepted in one plant and staunchly resisted in the other, in spite of repeated managerial interventions. Eventually, however, the resisting plant gave in and began using t...

braced frames structures have a good lateral stiffness against earthquakes. however, energy loss of their members is slight and strong forces are given to the structures. moment frames have a more flexible function against earthquakes and also have a better flexibility than braced frames. however, since its lateral stiffness is low, too much displacement of the structure results in an increase ...