A novel fuzzy controller is proposed here to improve the positioning precision of servo system of CNC lathes. To utilize the high–accuracy potential of the VUD fuzzy controller, a grating–ruler was used as a sensor to measure the displacement of work pieces. Designing the VUD fuzzy controller involved five steps, i.e., setting up universes of discourse and parameters, selecting membership funct...

The Swiss-type automatic lathe is designed to produce small-diameter and long rods with high accuracy efficiency. However, its unique mechanism causes the disadvantage of a large amount waste material. This can be solved by use friction welding method. Friction uses frictional heat generated mechanical rotational energy applies lathes two opposing spindles high-precision positioning functions. ...

Hematite coated PEG was synthesized by the sonication-calcination method. A variation of Na2CO3 is investigated to know effect on structure and morphology. Characterization samples are using X-ray fluorescence, diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, color reader techniques. XRF data showed that iron highest element in precursor. The diffraction confirm Fe(OH)3, α-FeOOH, Fe3O4 esta...