Monitoring of corrosion extent is critical in bridge operation and civil buildings. Reducing the effective cross-sectional area components can redistribute stress state increase true parts structures. Unexpected rupture bodies occur as a result their over-stressing. However, it not possible to take relevant samples from these structures for laboratory analysis during lifetime. For this reason, ...

Canopy layers form essential structural components, affecting stand productivity and wildlife habitats. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) provides horizontal and vertical information on canopy structure simultaneously. Existing approaches to assess canopy layering often require prior information about stand characteristics or rely on pre-defined height thresholds. We developed a multi-scale method ...

Digital provenance describes the ancestry or history of a digital object. Most existing provenance systems, however, operate at only one level of abstraction: the system call layer, a workflow specification, or the high-level constructs of a particular application. The provenance collectable in each of these layers is different, and all of it can be important. Single-layer systems fail to accou...

Many pattern recognition problems in the real world are complicated by noise and imperfect data. It is widely accepted that recognition of such data would be greatly aided by the use of contextual sensibility of the classification. One possible solution to this problem would require a multi-layered pattern classifying network with feedback mechanisms. Recognition of this possibility has led to ...

We investigate experimentally and theoretically thin layers of colloid particles held adjacent to a solid substrate by gravity. Epifluorescence, confocal, and holographic microscopy, combined with Monte Carlo and hydrodynamic simulations, are applied to infer the height distribution function of particles above the surface, and their diffusion coefficient parallel to it. As the particle area fra...

ISO/OSI and TCP/IP protocol stacks provide networks and devices interoperability by exploiting the principle of layering, where every layer is characterized by specific functionalities and is allowed to interact only with adjacent layers by means of standardized interfaces. However, while such principle provides freedom in implementation of the protocols at different layers, it limits the contr...