In this paper a low-power low-phase-noise voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO) has been designed and, fabricated in 0.25μm SiGe BiCMOS process. The resonator of the VCO is implemented with on-chip MIM capacitors and a single aluminum bondwire. A tail current filter is realized to suppress flicker noise up-conversion. The measured phase noise is −126.6 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from a 7.8 GHz carrie...

Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) is one of the most sensitive components in Phase-locked loops (PLLs). This paper presents the design, analysis and total ionization dose (TID) measurement results of a 3GHz VCO designed and implemented using a commercial 0.25μm Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) CMOS process. First, we present the TID effects on single NMOS and PMOS transistors made in a test chip using ...

A rapid method for quantitative analysis of free fatty acids in virgin coconut oil (VCO) was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thirty training samples of VCO were prepared by spiking lauric acid to VCO samples covering a range of 0.1% to 5% of free fatty acids. FTIR spectra between 1730 and 1690 cm-1 was used for quantitative determination of free fatty acids. A p...

Anyone who have designed a capacitively tuned VFO/VCO with the wide tuning range (>1.5-2x) has noticed that the oscillation threshold changes substantially with the tuning frequency. The usual solution to the problem is a combination of: 1. the AGC circuit, most frequently via the amplifier bias that changes the amplifier conduction angle; 2. shunting the LC circuit with a damping resistor or b...

In this paper, design and realization of a 4.5-5.8 GHz, –Gm LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) for IEEE 802.11a standard is presented. The circuit is implemented with 0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS process that includes high-speed SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs). A linear, 1300 MHz tuning range is measured with accumulation-mode varactors. Fundamental frequency output power changes betwe...

This paper presents a low-power single chip WLAN 802.11a transceiver RFIC for personal communication terminal applications. The 5.2GHz transceiver RFIC is implemented in a 0.5 m SiGe technology with 16 mm die size. It consumes 110/130mA in receive/transmit mode under a 3.3V supply. The receiver path shows a 6.4dB noise figure and a -20dBm IIP3 under a maximal 67dB gain. The transmitter path OIP...

BACKGROUND The lowest minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) ratio during exercise has been suggested to be the most stable and reproducible marker of ventilatory efficiency in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the prognostic power of this index is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 847 HF patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) and were...

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been widely used traditionally in Malaysia as moisturiser and food supplement. Recently, VCO has been growing in popularity because of its better chemical and biological properties compared to coconut oil. VCO contains medium chain fatty acids of which 4550% lauric acid. Lauric acid has been proven to become a strong anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agent. In th...

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) was found to have antioxidant property due to its high polyphenol content. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the virgin coconut oil on lipid peroxidation in the bone of an osteoporotic rat model. Normal female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 8 rats in each group: baseline, sham, ovariectomised (OVX) co...

In this paper, PLL are most frequently used for Local Oscillator (LO) signal generation in wireless radio transceivers to down convert the carrier frequency to lower or intermediate frequency . The input reference frequency is 6.4 MHz. The architecture used for the design of Frequency synthesizer was Integer-N architecture. This was designed using 0.25 μm technology. The VCO designed was a CMOS...