Our data describe autophagic flux in primary rat hepatic stellate cells (rHSCs) treated with pro-fibrotic growth factor, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). An autophagy flux experiment determines the rate of synthesis and degradation of the autophagosome marker, LC3-II in the presence and absence of the lysosomal inhibitor bafilomcyin, which blocks LC3-II degradation in lysosomes. The eff...

Nanoparticle-induced autophagy has been extensively studied, however, real time information about the endoplasmic reticulum involved autophagic process (ER autophagy) induced by nanomaterials remains unknown. In this work, silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized with characteristics of low toxicity, good biocompatibility and excellent water dispersibility to treat cells. Results show that ...

Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis by providing nutrients during periods of starvation and removing damaged organelles from the cytoplasm. A marker in the autophagic process is the reversible conjugation of LC3, a membrane scaffolding protein, to double membrane autophagosomes. Recently, a role for LC3 in the elimination of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, including...

Mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, is a major mechanism involved in mitochondrial quality control via selectively removing damaged or unwanted mitochondria. Interactions between LC3 and mitophagy receptors such as FUNDC1, which harbors an LC3-interacting region (LIR), are essential for this selective process. However, how mitochondrial stresses are sensed to activate receptor-mediated mitop...

Diabetes is a potent risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Autophagy can be activated under pathological conditions, including diabetic cardiomyopathy. The therapeutic effects of chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, on left ventricle function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were investigated. The cardiac function, light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I...

Abstract This study investigates the shrinkage of two sustainable aluminosilicate blends with fly ash or limestone-calcined clay (LC3). Paste and concrete were prepared using these SCMs for highest possible replacement binder without compromising strength. The chemical autogenous assessed paste samples further investigation conducted on hydration by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) Fourier tran...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of Lycopene on HGC-27 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS HGC-27 cells were treated with varying concentration lycopene for 24, 48, 72 h. The cell growth inhibition was analyzed by MTT. Western blotting was used to indicate changes in the levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, ERK (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase) and ...

We define stress-induced adaptive survival pathways linking autophagy with the molecular chaperone clusterin (CLU) that function to promote anticancer treatment resistance. During treatment stress, CLU co-localizes with LC3 via an LIR-binding sequence within autophagosome membranes, functioning to facilitate LC3-Atg3 heterocomplex stability and LC3 lipidation, and thereby enhance autophagosome ...

Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradative pathway that is now established to be a vital part of the host immune response to microbial infection. Autophagy can directly eliminate intracellular pathogens by mediating their delivery to lysosomes. Canonical autophagy is characterized by the formation of a double-membrane autophagosome and the involvement of over 35 autophagy-related proteins (A...

Abstract Background and Objectives Triptolide (TP) is known to impair testicular development spermatogenesis in mammals, but the mechanism of side effects still needs be investigated. The aim research confirm whether TP can cause autophagy TM3 Leydig cells potential molecular pathway vitro. Methods are used investigate through Western blot, detection apoptosis, transmission electron microscopy ...