Abstract Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a proven causative factor for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Individuals with genetic conditions associated lifelong very low LDL-C levels can be healthy. We now possess the pharmacological armamentarium (statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors) to reduce an unprecedented extent. Increasing numbers of patients are expected...

INTRODUCTION In vitro ceramide-enriched LDL (CER-LDL) reproduces most of the properties of electronegative LDL (LDL(-)), a heterogeneous subfraction of LDL found in plasma. LDL(-) comprises several modifications of LDL and has an increased content in ceramide (CER). It promotes cytokine release in monocytes through CD14 and TLR4. CER-LDL also induces cytokine release in these cells but the mech...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In addition to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, small, dense LDL particles and oxidative modification of LDL have been linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The present study was aimed at investigating the association between carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and LDL particle size and susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in vitro in asymptomatic...

BACKGROUND Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) is an atherogenic lipoprotein closely associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, a precise analysis of the actual amount of sd-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) has not been performed. METHODS AND RESULTS Among 214 patients enrolled in the present study, 101 patients (47%) met...

Introduction. Currently, there is no unified treatment algorithm of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim the study was to investigate effects simvastatin (SIM) and -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs) on blood lipid profile insulin resistance (IR) definite neuropathy. Materials methods. involved 72 T2DM CAN. Patients were divided in...

We previously described the hypercholesterolemia of pigs with defined apolipoprotein B (apo B) alleles associated with reduced binding of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to its receptor in vitro and slow clearance from the circulation in vivo. The increased plasma LDL in the hypercholesterolemic pigs was confined to a buoyant LDL subspecies. Because of this qualitative change in the LDL subspecie...

BACKGROUND Friedewald equation is the most widely used method for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level. However, due to potential over- or underestimation, many studies have used a modified equation. This study aimed to compare estimates by 4 different equations to directly measured LDL-C concentrations in order to propose the most appropriate method for LDL-C estimation...