In this paper, the performances of various lithium-ion chemistries for use in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been investigated and compared to several other rechargeable energy storage systems technologies such as lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and electrical-double layer capacitors. The analysis has shown the beneficial properties of lithium-ion in the terms of energy density, power de...

This system is designed for outdoor application in un-electrified remote rural areas. This system is an ideal application for house or village street lighting. The system is provided with battery storage backup sufficient to operate the light for 7-8 hours daily. The project is about to develop and fabricate the circuit that can charge the lead acid battery during day time by using solar as the...

Predicting transient behavior of lead–acid batteries during charge and discharge process is a very important factor in many applications including Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). In this paper, an engineering model based on fundamental chemical and electrochemical relations of lead– acid batteries is introduced. This model is capable to predict transient behavior of lead–acid batteries includin...

Expanders, as lignosulfonates, are crucial for a good performance of Pb/acid batteries. In the process discharge, Pb and PbO2 go to PbSO4. The formed PbSO4 is adsorbed on surface electrode dramatically reduces lifetime battery by formation big crystals. order prevent that, addition expanders in negative an economic solution this investigation, we propose synthesis several lignosulfonates obtain...

Background: Lead is a toxic element which causes acute, subacute or chronic poisoning through environmental and occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and laboratory abnormalities of chronic lead poisoning among workers of a car battery industry. Methods: Questionnaires and forms were designed and used to record demographic data, past medical histories ...

<p>Due to its low cost and recycle-ability, the lead-acid battery is widely used in mobile stationary applications. Despite much research on batteries, effect of charging voltage degradation mechanism requires further investigation. In particular, origin cycle life remains unclear. present work, by using electrochemical tests materials characterization, we studied at voltages slightly hig...