The fact that many people take it upon themselves to impose costly punishment on free riders helps to explain why collective action sometimes succeeds despite the prediction of received theory. But while individually imposed sanctions lead to higher contributions in public goods experiments, there is usually little or no net efficiency gain from them, because punishment is costly and at times m...

1 Punishing group members who parasitize their own group’s 2 resources is an almost universal human behavior, as evidenced by 3 multiple cross-cultural and theoretical studies. Recently, researchers in 4 social and behavioral sciences have identified a puzzling phenomenon 5 called “antisocial punishment”: some people are willing to pay a cost to 6 “punish” those who act in ways that benefit the...

There are a lot of ongoing changes in today ́s Geo-data market. Traditional areas but especially new industries like telecommunication, car navigation as well as new technologies like location based services (LBS) are leading to a high demand of digital data. Data production shops have to be prepared for a huge amount of data throughput. Managing this data is a critical problem facing today ́s pr...

ARTICLE II. VISION, MISSION, AND GOALS A. Vision: The international leader in aerospace medicine and human performance. B. Mission: Apply and advance scientific knowledge to promote and enhance health, safety, and performance of those involved in aerospace and related activities. C. Definition: As used in this document, Aerospace Medicine is the multi-disciplinary application of professional an...

Punishing an error to shape subsequent performance is a major tenet of individual and societal level behavioral interventions. Recent work examining error-related neural activity has identified that the magnitude of activity in the posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) is predictive of learning from an error, whereby greater activity in this region predicts adaptive changes in future cognitive...

OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship of corporal punishment with children's behavior problems while accounting for neighborhood context and while using stronger statistical methods than previous literature in this area, and to examine whether different levels of corporal punishment have different effects in different neighborhood contexts. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING General...

Recent work has suggested that punishment is detrimental because punishment provokes retaliation, not cooperation, resulting in lower overall payoffs. These findings may stem from the unrealistic assumption that all players are equal: in reality individuals are expected to vary in the power with which they can punish defectors. Here, we allowed strong players to interact with weak players in an...