Abstract We formulate two fairness principles and characterize the league competition systems that satisfy them. The first principle requires all players should have same chance of being final winner if are equally strong, while second states not favor weaker players. apply these requirements to a class which includes round-robin tournaments as particular case.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has used econometric methods to measure the efficiency of health care systems. We assess the robustness of WHO results to definitions of efficiency and statistical procedures. Originally analysed by the WHO, the data are for 1997 (50 countries) and 1993-1997 (141 countries). The efficiency of each country in promoting population health is estimated after taki...

The idea that Operational Research can be used to optimise the design of a sporting contest or tournament is a novel one. This paper considers a methodology for this purpose. We propose a number of tournament metrics that can be used to measure the success of a sporting contest or tournament, and describe how these metrics may be evaluated for a particular tournament design. Knowledge of these ...