Diffusion-sensitized magnetic resonance imaging probes the cellular structure of the human brain, but the primary microstructural information gets lost in averaging over higher-level, mesoscopic tissue organization such as different orientations of neuronal fibers. While such averaging is inevitable due to the limited imaging resolution, we propose a method for disentangling the microscopic cel...

It is generally believed that attention enhances the processing of sensory information during perception and learning. Here we report that, contrary to common belief, attention limits the degree of plasticity induced by repeated exposure to image features. Specifically, daily exposure to oriented stimuli that are not linked to a specific task causes an orientation-specific improvement in percep...

The dominant view that perceptual learning is accompanied by changes in early sensory representations has recently been challenged. Here we tested the idea that perceptual learning can be accounted for by reinforcement learning involving changes in higher decision-making areas. We trained subjects on an orientation discrimination task involving feedback over 4 days, acquiring fMRI data on the f...

In social environments, it is crucial that decision-makers take account of the impact of their actions not only for oneself, but also on other social agents. Previous work has identified neural signals in the striatum encoding value-based prediction errors for outcomes to oneself; also, recent work suggests that neural activity in prefrontal cortex may similarly encode value-based prediction er...

Improvements in performance on visual tasks due to practice are often specific to a retinal position or stimulus feature. Many researchers suggest that specific perceptual learning alters selective retinotopic representations in early visual analysis. However, transfer is almost always practically advantageous, and it does occur. If perceptual learning alters location-specific representations, ...

Sophistication of the integrated world of work and increased recognition of business processes as critical corporate assets, require graduates and employees to develop ‘process orientation’. Responding to these dynamic changes in business organizations, business schools are also continuing to modify their curriculum and introducing innovative teaching and learning strategies. ERP business simul...

Simple cells found in primary visual cortex are orientation selective. It has been experimentally found that they acquire this property with time i.e. learning of orientation selectivity takes place. Many computational models have been proposed for the development of orientation selectivity. Most of the models proposed so far are either abstract in nature or are very simplified version of

This paper shows how canonical correlation can be used to learn a detector for corner orientation invariant to corner angle and intensity. Pairs of images with the same corner orientation but different angle and intensity are used as training samples. Three different image representations; intensity values, products between intensity values, and local orientation are examined. The last represen...

This study tested for measurement invariance of VandeWalle’s (1997) goal orientation instrument across Korean and American workers using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Across groups, learning and proving orientations were invariant, but avoiding goal orientation was partially noninvariant. Implications for goal orientation and comparisons between Korean and American respondents are d...

Visual orientation discrimination is known to improve with extensive training, but the mechanisms underlying this behavioral benefit remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the possibility that more reliable task performance could arise in part because observers learn to sample information from a larger portion of the stimulus. We used a variant of the classification image method in combinat...