The use of enzymes for hair loosening in leather processing provides a cleaner option. However, there is need to improve the efficiency of these unit operations involving bioprocess by way of process intensification techniques, such as, the use of ultrasound. In this paper, the use of ultrasound has been studied in native enzyme papain (A) based hair-loosening system and compared with commercia...

Leather is used to make various daily life goods including footwear, clothing, automobile seats, furniture, etc. from prehistoric time. Various defects can occur either due failure of controlling the factors processing or low grade raw material both. The tanned leathers are, before use, necessarily being passed through different processes re-tanning, filling, coating surface with dyes, and othe...

AIMS To assess how a 10 year extension of the follow up period affected cancer incidence in the Swedish leather tanning cohort. METHODS A cohort of 2027 tannery workers (of which 482 were women) who had been employed for at least one year between 1900 and 1989 at one of three Swedish leather tanneries, was established. The start of observation varied between 1958 and 1966 for the three plants...

AIMS To examine the effect of subatmospheric steam treatment on total viable counts (TVCs) on bovine hide and on the quality of derived leather. METHODS AND RESULTS Pieces of bovine hide were heated to 75 degrees C (+/-2 degrees C) (n = 3) or 80 degrees C (+/-2 degrees C) (n = 3) for periods of 1, 10 or 20 s by the application of steam at subatmospheric pressure in a laboratory scale apparatu...