Note: Opinions expressed in the case study are those of author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the WMO/GWP Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM). Designations employed and presentations of material in the case study do not imply the expression of any opinion whatever on the part of the Technical Support Unit (TSU), APFM concerning the legal status of any country, territory,...

The agrarian reform in Albania included free distribution of land to rural households and the complete break up of the former collective and state farms. These key features of the Albanian reform are in sharp contrast with other Central and Eastern European countries. Our paper explains the choice of the Albanian agricultural privatization and land reform process and the radical decollectivizat...

An advance directive gives patients the legal right to give or withhold consent to specific medical treatments prospectively. This provides them with some reassurance about the dying process being managed in accordance with their wishes. Apprehension could be further allayed if it were known that the legal status of advance directives was consistently applied across the NHS. Guidance on advance...

Genocide has been the leading cause of preventable violent death in the 20th–21st century, taking even more lives than war. The term ‘ethnic cleansing’ is used as a euphemism for genocide despite it having no legal status. Like ‘Judenrein’ in Nazi Medicine, it expropriates pseudo-medical terminology to justify massacre. Use of the term dehumanizes the victims as sources of filth and disease, pr...

In the last 15 years there has been a major shift in the laws governing medical use of cannabis in the United States. Corresponding with this change there has been escalating interest in the role that cannabis, commonly referred to as marijuana, and cannabinoids play in the care of patients with cancer. This review will examine cannabis' and cannabinoids' current and potential roles in cancer c...

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not im...

• Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. • The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any ...

OBJECTIVES To study whether fine-cut tobacco poses a problem for public health and consumer affairs. METHODS We analyzed up to 70% of the fine-cut tobacco market in Spain. Regarding public health, the contents of nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide were analyzed and compared with levels in conventional cigarettes. Concerning consumer affairs, the labeling of samples was checked. RESULTS The c...

Two vulnerable groups in our society are children with psychiatric problems and people with intellectual disabilities. The demand for care is growing every year in both groups. The current (Dutch) legal status of people with intellectual disabilities and children with psychiatric problems is one in which too much attention is devoted to the right to self-determination. An important question is ...

NICE: The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, and its Recent Guidance for Intrapartum Care The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) is an independent organization with legal status as a Special Health Authority to the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales. Its purpose is to develop guidance regarding quality and cost-e¡ectiveness of clinic...