Robotic surgery (RS) technology has undergone rapid growth in the surgical field since its approval. In clinical practice, failure of robotic procedures mainly results from a surgeon's inability or to a device malfunction. We reviewed the literature to estimate the impact of this second circumstance in RS and its consequent legal implications. According to data from the literature, device malfu...

We present a new stochastic approach based on Planar Hidden Markov Models (PHMM) for finding regions of Interest (ROI) in document images. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that no explicit rules characterizing the ROIs have to be defined. Instead, the PHMM learns to find the ROIs based on training data which show examples of document images together with the ROIs. The method has b...

In this article, the authors review the development of the Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (MOLST) Program and recent landmark legislation in New York State in the context of advance care planning and shared medical decision making at the end of life. Social workers are central health care professionals in working with patients, families, practitioners, health care agents, and surr...

In this paper we investigate the use of character-level translation models to support the translation from and to underresourced languages and textual domains via closely related pivot languages. Our experiments show that these low-level models can be successful even with tiny amounts of training data. We test the approach on movie subtitles for three language pairs and legal texts for another ...

The need for expert and unbiased participation in legal proceedings by physicians, industrial hygienists, toxicologists, environmental scientists, regulators, and similar professionals is hampered by lack of familiarity with the requirements of expert testimony and lack of opportunities for professional training in this activity. Drawing on material developed in a continuing education course of...

The IIT Bombay English-Hindi corpus contains parallel corpus for English-Hindi compiled from a variety of existing sources as well as corpora developed at the Center for Indian Language Technology1, IIT Bombay over the years. The training corpus consists of sentences, phrases as well as dictionary entries, spanning many applications and domains. The details of the training corpus are shown in T...

BACKGROUND Identifying essential competencies in end-of-life care, as well as general practitioners' (GPs) confidence in these competencies, is essential to guide training and quality improvement efforts in this domain. AIM To determine which competencies in end-of-life care are considered important by GPs, to assess GPs' confidence in these competencies in a European context and their reason...

Teaching of surgery has been affected by many factors over the last years, such as the reduction of working hours, the optimization of the use of the operating room or patient safety. Traditional teaching methodology fails to reduce the impact of these factors on surgeońs training. Simulation as a teaching model minimizes such impact, and is more effective than traditional teaching methods for ...

Fragmentation and convergence are two discoursal lenses that have been used to view changes that have taken place in the domains of legal services, the legal profession, regulation and legal education. While they may appear orthogonal, the relationships between them are intimate, sophisticated, constantly shifting and require much more analysis. In this paper I shall argue that law schools need...