In this work we provide empirical evidence that shows how a variable-length genetic algorithm (GA) can naturally evolve shorter average size populations. This reduction in chromosome length appears to occur in finite population GAs when 1) selection is absent from the GA (random) or 2) when selection focuses on some other property not influenced by the length of individuals within a population.

Irano-Turanian floristic region in Turkey appears to be the center of origin Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadiflolia (Asteraceae). In this study, karyotype and flow cytometric analyses six populations C. were performed. The cytogenetic characteristics using multivariate (cluster analysis, principal components analysis) evaluated a cytogeographic context. Two main groups are found based on among dis...

We propose and evaluate a mechanism for resolving the segmentation of overlapping chromosomes using trainable models of the expected banding appearance. The models consist of templates of sub-chromosome length band pro"les. Candidate chromosome segments are classi"ed according to their responses to the entire set of templates, and matched on the basis of the classi"cations. Evaluation of the mo...

Sankoff and Ferretti (1996) introduced several models of the evolution of chromosome size by reciprocal translocations, where for simplicity they ignored the existence of centromeres. However, when they compared the models to data on six organisms they found that their short chromosomes were too short, and their long chromosomes were too long. Here, we consider a generalization of their proport...

introduction: fluorscence in situ hybridization (fish) enables specific detection of unique sequences of varying length, chromosomal regions or entire chromosomes within metaphase or interphase cells. recent developments in this technology permit the rapid mapping and ordering of dna fragments on single metaphase chromosome bands. the technique of fish incorporates several stages including: pro...

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that telomeres in somatic cells are not randomly distributed at the end of the chromosomes. We hypothesize that these chromosome arm specific differences in telomere length (the telomere length pattern) may be actively maintained. In this study we investigate the existence and maintenance of the telomere length pattern in stem cells. For this aim w...

Partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 is a common abnormality in the bone marrow cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). This study was undertaken to characterize the chromosome breakpoints in molecular terms and to determine if hemizygosity or submicroscopic deletions occur in patients without any cytogenetically detectable abno...

The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-inducible cytochrome P-450 gene family (P1-450 and P3-450 in the C57BL/6N mouse) has recently been localized to mouse chromosome 9. In the present study, HindIII-digested DNA from Chinese hamster, mouse, and 20 Chinese hamster X mouse somatic cell hybrids and subclones segregating hamster chromosomes was probed with the mouse P1-450 and P3-450 full-length...

ETV1 is overexpressed in a subset of clinical prostate cancers as a fusion transcript with many different partners. However, ETV1 can also be overexpressed as a full-length transcript. Full-length ETV1 protein functions differently from truncated ETV1 produced by fusion genes. In this study we describe the genetic background of full-length ETV1 overexpression and the biological properties of di...