The influence of temperature on the indentation size effect is explored experimentally. Copper is indented on a custom-built high-temperature nanoindenter, at temperatures between ambient and 200 0C, in an inert atmosphere that precludes oxidation. Over this range of temperatures, the size effect is reduced considerably, suggesting that thermal activation plays a major role in determining the l...

Background: Pain control is considered as the key issue in modern midwifery. Along with medical painkillers, reflexology is viewed as a non-medical and noninvasive method. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effect of reflexology on the intensity of pain and length of labor. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, participants included 240 Iranian primiparous women with term and singleton...

In this paper, dynamic modeling of a double layer cylindrical functionally graded (FG) microshell is considered. Modeling is based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and the equations of motion are derived using the Hamilton's principle. It assumes that functionally graded length scale parameter changes along the thickness. Generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is u...

It is known that the redshift in the standard model of cosmology, defined by the expression z a t a t o + = 1 b g b g b g , is usually explained as a kinematic Doppler effect induced by the recession of galaxies. It is shown in this work that this treatment is physically wrong. According to the mathematical formalism of the standard model, the redshift is formed in the process of light propagat...

Membrane distillation has the potential to concentrate solutions to their saturation level, thus offering the possibility to recover valuable salts from the solutions. The process performance and stability, however, is strongly dependent upon the features of membranes applied. In addition, several other parameters, membrane thickness and thermal conductivity significantly affect the process per...

Field-effect nano-biosensors (or Biofets, biologically sensitive field-effect transistors) have recently been demonstrated experimentally and have thus gained interest as a technology for direct, label-free, real-time, and highly sensitive detection of biomolecules. The experiments have not been accompanied by a quantitative understanding of the underlying detection mechanism. The modeling of f...

In this paper, the Ritz method has been employed to analyze the free in-plane vibration of heterogeneous (non-uniform) rectangular nanoplates corresponding to Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. The non-uniformity is taken into account using combinations of linear and quadratic forms in the thickness, material density and Young’s modulus. Two-dimensional boundary characteristic orthogonal pol...