Steganalysis is the art of detecting covert communication and has become an important research field, in which some of steganographic tools provide the function of embedding secret messages into JPEG images. To detect JPEG stego-images, we will identify a novel statistical quantity in this paper. In general, the JPEG decompression process performs color clipping in lots of pixels, and thus, mes...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endovascular and surgical options are both available for treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. Knowledge of the costs relative to Medicare reimbursement for hospitalization of these patients is important for understanding the economic impact of these patients on hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the NIS, we identified hospitalizations for clipping and coiling o...

OBJECT Randomized trials have demonstrated a survival benefit for endovascular treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. We investigated the association of surgical clipping and endovascular coiling with outcomes in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients in a real-world regional cohort. METHODS We performed a cohort study involving patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms, who underwent surg...

BACKGROUNDS The efficacy of clipping for preventing the delayed bleeding after the removal of colon polyps is still controversial. In order to clarify this efficacy, a randomized controlled study was performed. METHODS One hundred and fifty-six patients with colon neoplasms (288 lesions) were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: clipping or nonclipping gr...

Pubescent wheatgrass (Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richt.) is growing in semiarid regions of Iran at altitude of 500 to 2000 m. Among different grasses growing in Iran, A. trichophorum is relatively resistant to grazing and defoliation as compared to other species of Agropyron genus which are dominant in the most summer rangelands. In Emam Gholi protected summer rang...

Accurate and robust character segmentation is a significant challenge in Bangla optical character recognition (OCR). The two main errors in segmentation are joining and splitting errors. To solve the problems of joining errors, several algorithms have been proposed in the literature, with varying degrees of accuracy. Few solutions have been proposed to handle the splitting error issue; however,...

While more and more studies are being conducted on the effects of global warming, little is known regarding the response of metabolic change of whole soil microbial communities to this phenomenon. In this study, functional gene changes at the mRNA level were analyzed by our new developed GeoChip 3.0. Soil samples were taken from a long-term climate warming experiment site, which has been conduc...

There is increased interest in the use of summer-season fires to limit woody plant encroachment into grasslands, but effects of these fires on grasses are poorly understood. We quantified effects of repeated winter fires, repeated summer fires, and clipping (to simulate grazing) on aboveground total yield, live yield, and percentage of live tissue of C3 Texas wintergrass (Nassella leucotricha [...

Currently, the treatment of blood blister-like aneurysms (BBAs) of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) is challenging and utilizes many therapeutic methods, including direct clipping and suturing, clipping after wrapping, clipping after suturing, coil embolization, stent-assisted coil embolization, multiple overlapping stents, flow-diverting stents, covered stents, and trapping with ...

Interest in the use of summer fires to restore southern Great Plains prairie ecosystems infested with woody plants and cactus is increasing, but information regarding effects on target and nontarget plant species is needed before this practice can be recommended. We review effects of summer and winter fires on mortality and growth of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa), prickly pear (Opuntia p...