4 This paper explores dynamic mean-variance asset allocation over long horizons. This is 5 equivalent to target-based investing with a quadratic loss penalty for deviations from the target 6 level of terminal wealth. We provide a number of illustrative examples in a setting with a 7 risky stock index and a risk-free asset. Our underlying model is very simple: the value of the 8 risky index is a...

_____________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Significant increases in the level of target leverage have been previously documented, following unsuccessful takeover attempts. Increased leverage may signal managerial commitment to improved performance, suggesting that corporate performance and leverage should be positively related. If, however, the incre...

the management of the firms with the high incremental debt usually has more incentives to satisfy the creditors via the earning management. of course, the demand of annually auditing reports by professional auditing institutions that is one of the provider's (creditor's) conditions, cause to management face chief limitations and forbiddances in the field of earning management. accordi...