The use of the progestogen-only pill as a 'pre-coital contraceptive' was tested by in vitro studies of sperm-mucus interaction. The results suggest that a single tablet of levonorgestrel 30 microg, or norethisterone 350 microg, was effective in preventing sperm migration in the cervical mucus about 12 hours later. This suggests that the progestogen-only pill may be effective as a 'morning befor...

Intrauterine progestins have many important current and potential gynecologic applications. This article describes the evidence for use of intrauterine progestin for common gynecologic conditions beyond its important role in contraception. The pharmacology of and selection criteria for use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine device is discussed, and the evidence for use of intrauterine progestin...

In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.d6423), Lidegaard and colleagues assess the effect of different types of combined oral contraceptive, according to progestogen type and oestrogen dose, on the risk of venous thromboembolism. Over the past four decades, more than 25 epidemiological studies have examined the risk of venous thromboembolism in current users of combined oral contraceptives.All bu...

The present investigation is focused on determining the legal situation of cryopreserved human embryo in Peruvian civil law from ruling Inter-American Court Human Rights "Case Artavia Murillo et al. (In vitro fertilization) Vs. Costa Rica", beginning study file No. 02005-2009-PA/TC (case “Morning After Pill”) and Exp. 30541-2014-0-1801-JR-CI-01 (Amparo that authorizes free distribution levonorg...

h-point standard addition method (hpsam) with simultaneous addition of both analytes in nonaqueous solution was applied for determination of levonorgestrel (lev) and ethinyl estradiol (ee)  in ld and hd tablets. the results showed that, simultaneous determination could be performed with the ratio 1 to 5 of lev-ee. the lod for lev and ee were obtained 5.1×10 -7 and 9.6×10 -7 m, respectively, and...

Correspondence: Serena Dovey Magee Women’s Hospital, 300 Halket Street, Suite 2309, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Tel +1 412 641 1204 Fax +1 412 641 1133 Email [email protected] Abstract: The term emergency contraception (EC) refers to utilizing a medication or placing a copper intrauterine device within a short time interval after unprotected intercourse in order to prevent pregnancy. Established m...

Norgestrel, a synthetic progestin chemically derived from 19-nortestosterone, is six times more potent than progesterone, with variable binding affinity to various steroid receptors. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS) provides a long-acting, highly effective, and reversible form of contraception, with a pearl index of 0.18 per 100 women-years. The locally released hormon...

Objectives—Estro-progestin treatments have been associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events in postmenopausal women. This study examined whether progestins affect the stimulatory effect of estrogens on the endothelial formation of nitric oxide (NO), a potent antithrombotic factor. Methods and Results—Experiments were performed with human endothelial cells. Endothelial NO synthase...

Combined oral contraceptives In the UK combined oral contraceptives (COCs), containing both oestrogen and progestogen, are the most popular method of contraception for women under age 30. The most common oestrogen used is ethinyl estradiol (EE), in doses between 20 and 35μg. Progestogens are classified according to their steroid structure and the timing of their introduction on to the market. T...