Objective: To compare brain metabolism using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in total thyroidectomy patients during hypothyroidism (levothyroxine withdrawal) or under recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) against levothyroxine intake. Methods: A of 12 were randomly divided into two groups. One group underwent the first...

Equine endocrine diseases are commonly encountered in the primary care setting, yet they can be challenging to diagnose and manage. The most common endocrinopathies are Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). Both conditions are likely to increase in prevalence over time as the companion horse population ages and obesity rates continue to rise. Along wi...

RATIONALE Central nervous system (CNS) leukemia is a frequent diagnosis in pediatric acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and includes neural symptoms. However, CNS leukemia is rarely associated with central hypsothyroidism. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES A 2-year-old female with AML with MLL rearrangement presented with CNS infiltration. Laboratory tests suggested the presence of central hypoth...

      Thyroid enlargement and nodules are very rare in children, but when they occur, the chance of malignancy among these nodules is very high. Thyroid carcinoma is rare in childhood, but in the last two decades, its incidence has increased two-fold. A painless nodule in the neck is the most common presentation of the disease. Dysphagia, hoarseness, cervical lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and f...

We present the first case of iatrogenic hypothyroidism as a result of compounded thyroid hormone (T4/T3) therapy. The thyroid replacement was changed from 175 µg levothyroxine (LT4) to 57/13.5 µg compounded T4/T3 daily in order to improve the T3 level, despite normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This resulted in clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism and high TSH level (150 µIU/mL). Si...

Evidence is presented that many people have hypothyroidism undetected by conventional laboratory thyroid-function tests, and cases are reported to support the empirical use of Armour thyroid. Clinical evaluation can identify individuals with sub-laboratory hypothyroidism who are likely to benefit from thyroid-replacement therapy. In a significant proportion of cases, treatment with thyroid horm...

The term subclinical hyperthyroidism describes conditions characterized by a low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal levels of circulating thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine). Subclinical hyperthyroidism has the same causes as overt hyperthyroidism. These include excessive doses of levothyroxine, Graves’ disease, multinodular goiter, and solitary thyroid nodule. Most stud...

Lingual thyroid gland is a rare clinical entity. The presence of an ectopic thyroid gland located at the base of the tongue may be presented with symptoms like dysphagia, dysphonia, and upper airway obstruction. We are introducing a case of an 8-year-old girl who had lingual thyroid that presented dysphagia and foreign body sensation in the throat. The diagnostic was reached with clinical exami...

Primary hypothyroidism is a frequent presentation in primary care, and treated with levothyroxine sodium tablets once daily the morning fasting state. With an adequate dose, goal to achieve thyroid stimulating hormone normal range 6–8 weeks. Medications, foods, gastrointestinal conditions can interfere absorption of tablet. This lead increased visits laboratory physician, necessitating dosage c...

In order to reduce the side effects of thyroid hormone substitute levothyroxine sodium pentahydrate, its sorption with a quaternized salt new alkyl derivative chitosan was studied. The drug amount in (gel) is micrograms, and gel-levothyroxine form complex that can show biological activity. With end view, process from an aqueous solution inside surface hydrogel carried out under static condition...