BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental research has revealed that diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by intestinal hypomotility, gut microbial dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, microcirculation disorders, circulatory changes, and dysfunction of intestinal stem cells, which may be linked to inflammation of intestinal mucosa. However, the relationship between type 2 DM (T2DM) and macrosco...

a simple and facile method for the preparation offe2+ supported on hydroxyapatite-core-shell-γ-fe2o3 nanoparticles (γ-fe2o3@hap-fe2+ nps) as an environmentally friendly and recyclable green catalyst is described and used for the one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzoxazole derivatives via reactions between aromatic aldehydes and ortho‐phenylenediamine or ortho‐aminophenol in aqueous medi...

Lewis X antigen in bladder cancer patients can be found in urine. In order to determine the presence of Lewis X antigen in exfoliated cells from voided urine, also cytopathologic examination and bladder ultrasound were detected in bladder cancer patients. Totally 42 patients were included in the study. Voided urine samples were obtained for immunocytology of Lewis X and cytopathology. Bladder u...

Chiral supramolecular boron Lewis acid catalysts were developed with the use of chiral 3-phosphoryl-BINOLs, 2-cyanophenylboronic acids, and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane based on CN···B and PO···B coordination bonds. In particular, coordinated tris(pentafluorophenyl)boranes can increase the Lewis acidity of the active center based on the Lewis acidassisted Lewis acid catalyst system. A possible...

The addition of nucleophiles to electron-deficient alkenes represents one of the more general and commonly used strategies for the convergent assembly of more complex structures from simple precursors. In this review the addition of diverse protic and organometallic nucleophiles to electron-deficient alkenes followed by enantioselective protonation is summarized. Reactions are first categorized...

A para-substituted phenylazomethine dendrimer (pGnA) coordinates to Lewis acids in a stepwise radial fashion from the inner layer to the outer layer. The inversion of this coordination sequence was achieved for the first time by just changing the substitution position of the phenylazomethine group from the para position to the meta position (mGnA).

Skyrms–Lewis signaling games illustrate how meaningful language may evolve from initially meaningless random signals (Lewis, Convention 1969; Skyrms 2008). Here we will consider how incommensurable languages might evolve in the context of signaling games. We will also consider the types of incommensurability exhibited between evolved languages in such games. We will find that sequentially evolv...