Despite anecdotal data on lexical interference among the languages of multilingual speakers, little research evidence about the lexical connections among multilinguals' languages exists to date. In the present paper, two experiments with a multilingual speaker who had suffered aphasia are reported. The first experiment provides data about inter-language activation during natural conversations; ...

the importance and howness of language learning/ acquisition has been a great concern for decades. there are many factors that play important roles in this regard. this research compared the performance of native persian and english elementary students to see if there is any significant difference between the two groups and which type of collocation they performed better within the groups. for ...

We propose to investigate the use of grammatical information to build improved statistical language models. Until recently, language models were primarily innuenced by local lexical constraints. Today, language models often utilize longer range lexical information to aid in their predictions. All of these language models ignore grammatical considerations other than those induced by the statisti...

In recent years, there has been a wealth of research examining the relevance of culture to consumer behavior. This chapter reviews a particular line of work within this larger body of research: work investigating the unique relevance of language. Our review finds that both structural features of language (properties of grammar) and lexical-semantic and phonological features of language (related...

abstract: lexical interpretation is a method that guides interpreter to study words and vocabulary of quran from different perspectives and in his interpretative understandings of quran's terms refers mainly to various definitions of a word, their roots and the compositions of the sentences. there is no doubt that the holy prophet, based on divine tradition, didn’t invent a new method to e...

This paper presents a set of rules which form the prototype lexical selection component of a rule-based machine translation system between two closely-related minority languages, North Sámi and Lule Sámi. While the languages have comprehensive monolingual computational linguistic resources, they lack bilingual resources. One-to-one relations in the lexicon dominate, but there are also more comp...

We examined how words from bilingual toddlers' second language (L2) primed recognition of related target words in their first language (L1). On critical trials, prime-target word pairs were either (a) phonologically related, with L2 primes overlapped phonologically with L1 target words [e.g., slide (L2 prime)-Kleid (L1 target, "dress")], or (b) phonologically related through translation, with L...

Using primed lexical decision, we measured reaction times and event-related brain potentials to targets that had German meanings (boss) of German-English interlingual homograph primes (chef). In an all-English experiment, we tested the effects of (1) global language context created by a first- or second-language film before the experiment, and (2) context over time, by analyzing the first and s...

Lexical tones are a phonetic contrast necessary for conveying meaning in a majority of the world's languages. Various hearing, speech, and language disorders affect the ability to perceive or produce lexical tones, thereby seriously impairing individuals' communicative abilities. The number of tone language speakers is increasing, even in otherwise English-speaking nations, yet insufficient emp...