In this paper, we explore the interaction between lexical semantics and pragmatics. We argue that linguistic processing is informationally encapsulated and utilises relatively simple ‘taxonomic’ lexical semantic knowledge. On this basis, defeasible lexical generalisations deliver defeasible parts of logical form. In contrast, pragmatic inference is openended and involves arbitrary real-world kn...

Parsing, one of the more successful areas of Natural Language Processing, has mostly been concerned with syntactic structure. Though uncovering the syntactic structure of sentences is very important, in many applications a meaning representation for the input must be derived as well. We report on PrincPar, a parser that builds full meaning representations. It integrates LCFLEX, a robust parser,...

This paper introduces the infrastructure and the principles of a semantic framework used for the analysis and classification of verbs, developed with the aim of constructing a lexical database of Mandarin verbal semantics, called the Mandarin VerbNet. Distinct from most existing lexical databases that enumerate word senses without detailed grammatical considerations, the Mandarin VerbNet is des...

Semantics is a branch of linguistics related to the study language in its function with regard organizing and expressing meaning. The discussion lexical meanings song. By listening songs, we can gain knowledge about literary appreciation song background. Therefore, researchers were interested analyzing types songs that are currently popularly associated COVID-19 pandemic. analyzed two songs: “D...

One of the most common lexical misuse problems in the second language context concerns near synonyms. Dictionaries and thesauri often overlook the nuances of near synonyms and make reference to near synonyms in providing definitions. The semantic differences and implications of near synonyms are not easily recognized and often fail to be acquired by L2 learners. This study addressed the distinc...

Philosophers of language have lavished attention on names and other singular referring expressions. But they have focused primarily on what might be called lexical-semantic character of names and have largely ignored both what I call the lexical-syntactic character of names and also what I call the pragmatic significance of the naming relation. Partly as a consequence, explanatory burdens have ...

In this paper, we address the issue of syntagmatic expressions from a computational lexical semantic perspective. From a representational viewpoint, we argue for a hybrid approach combining linguistic and conceptual paradigms, in order to account for the continuum we find in natural languages from free combining words to frozen expressions. In particular, we focus on the place of lexical and se...

While other word-level marking tasks such as morphology and part-of-speech tagging have arrived recently at a well-developed methodology and a basis for comparing results across systems, the robust discrimination of word senses in text is a less mature discipline. Yet, word sense discrimination is central to many natural language processing tasks, such as data extraction and machine translation.

Semanticists use a range of highly expressive logical languages to characterize the meaning of natural language expressions. The logical languages are usually taken from an inventory of standard mathematical systems, with which generative linguists are familiar. They are, thus, easily accessible beyond the borders of a given framework such as Categorial Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, or G...

1 Motivation One of the major challenges today is coping with an overabundance of potentially important information. With newspapers such as the Wall Street Journal available electronically as a large text data base, the analysis of natural language texts for the purpose of information retrieval has found renewed interest. Knowledge extraction and knowledge detection in large text databases are...