this study was intended first to categorize the l2 learners in terms of their learning style preferences and second to investigate if their learning preferences are related to lexical inferencing. moreover, strategies used for lexical inferencing and text related issues of text density and parts of speech were studied to determine their moderating effects and the best predictors of lexical infe...

This study was intended first to categorize the L2 learners in terms of their learning style preferences and second to investigate if their learning preferences are related to lexical inferencing. Moreover, strategies used for lexical inferencing and text related issues of text density and parts of speech were studied to determine their moderating effects and the best predictors of lexical infe...

Visual cues to the individual segments of speech and to sentence prosody guide speech recognition. The present study tested whether visual suprasegmental cues to the stress patterns of words can also constrain recognition. Dutch listeners use acoustic suprasegmental cues to lexical stress (changes in duration, amplitude, and pitch) in spoken-word recognition. We asked here whether they can also...

Prelinguistic babbling often seems remarkably speech-like, not because it has recognizable words but because it seems to have adult-like prosody. To quantify this impression, we compared disyllabic sequences from five infants and five adults in terms of the use of frequency, intensity, and duration to mark stress. Significantly larger values for the three acoustic variables were observed on str...

Although intensity has been reported as a reliable acoustical correlate of stress, it is generally considered a weak cue in the perception of linguistic stress. In natural speech stressed syllables are produced with more vocal effort. It is known that, if a speaker produces more vocal effort, higher frequencies increase more than lower frequencies. In this study, the effects of lexical stress o...

Dutch listeners' looks to printed words were tracked while they listened to instructions to click on one of them. When presented with targets from word pairs where the first two syllables were segmentally identical but differed in stress location, listeners used stress information to recognize the target before segmental information disambiguated the words. Furthermore, the amount of lexical co...

This study proposes a model of the intonation of Choguita Rarámuri (Tarahumara), a Uto-Aztecan language spoken in Chihuahua, Mexico. Tonal patterns of utterances were examined by varying the length of a word and a phrase, the location of lexical stress-tone, and sentence types. The only attested prosodic unit above the prosodic word is the Intonational Phrase (IP), which is usually marked by a ...