IMPORTANCE Colonoscopy is the most commonly used colorectal cancer screening test in the United States. Its quality, as measured by adenoma detection rates (ADRs), varies widely among physicians, with unknown consequences for the cost and benefits of screening programs. OBJECTIVE To estimate the lifetime benefits, complications, and costs of an initial colonoscopy screening program at differe...

Introduction: The present study aimed to measure the scatter and leakage dose received by out-of-field organs while delivering Radiotherapy (RT) treatment of cervical cancer. Moreover, this study estimated the risk of second cancer (SC). The doses to out-of-field organs were measured using a lithium fluoride (TLD 100) dosimeter while delivering External Beam Radiothera...

background: improving the knowledge of healthcare providers towards different aspects of breast cancer leads to appropriate management and screening of disease. this study aimed to investigate the knowledge of breast cancer risk factors among a cohort of nurses in iran. materials and methods: the target group of the present study was 243 consecutive nurses (27 males and 216 females) at two refe...

purpose : to describe the survival characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with retinoblastoma in a referral center in iran methods : from medical records, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 139 consecutive children diagnosed in our hospital between 1991 and 2001 as having retinoblastoma. information on gender, laterality, age at diagnosis, presenting signs, tumor staging, treat...

the extent of groundwater arsenic (as) contamination and associated health-risks were studiedin the four villages: chaukia and terahrasiya (vaishali); mamalkha and masharu (bhagalpur) in bihar, india.groundwater samples were tested using the standard silverdiethyledithiocarbamate method at 520nm bythermo uv-1 spectrophotometer. the as levels in both the districts exceeded the who standard of 10...

Background and Purpose—Stroke is emerging as a major public health problem for women, as it is for men. Controversy persists regarding gender differences in stroke incidence, severity, and poststroke disability. Methods—Participants in the Framingham Original (n 5119; 2829 women) and Offspring (n 4957, 2565 women) cohorts who were 45 years and stroke-free were followed to first incident stroke....

OBJECTIVE To assess the health and economic outcomes of various screening and vaccination strategies for cervical cancer prevention. DESIGN Cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective. SETTING Thailand. POPULATION Females aged 9 years and older. METHODS Using a mathematical model of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer, calibrated to epidemiological data ...

Low-levels of dioxin cause cancer in animals. In 1997 dioxin was found to be a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, based largely on four studies of industrial workers exposed to high levels. Recently there has been interest in estimating human cancer risk at low level environmental exposures. Here we review quantitative exposure-response analyses and risk assess...