OBJECTIVES To estimate the lifetime prevalence of four sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and to identify correlates of these infections among patients seeking care for a substance use disorder at a specialized DeAddictions Unit in southern India. METHODS Consecutive inpatients (n=361; 98% male; M age=36.7 years) admitted to DeAddictions Unit of the National Institute of Mental Health and...

Assessing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer starts with obtaining a complete and accurate family history. This can reveal evidence of inherited cancer risk. The highest risk of cancer is associated with germ-line abnormalities in several genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. Moderate-risk genes associated with syndromes that are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern (such as Cowden'...

The Birnbaum–Saunders distribution has been used quite effectively to model times to failure for materials subject to fatigue and for modeling lifetime data. In this paper we obtain asymptotic expansions, up to order n and under a sequence of Pitman alternatives, for the nonnull distribution functions of the likelihood ratio, Wald, score and gradient test statistics in the Birnbaum–Saunders reg...

Engineering software systems is a multidisciplinary activity, whereby a number of artifacts must be created — and maintained — synchronously. In this paper we investigate whether production code and the accompanying tests co-evolve by exploring a project’s versioning system, code coverage reports and size-metrics. Three open source case studies teach us that testing activities usually start lat...

LM-79 testing captures performance characteristics of products that feature solid-state lighting (SSL) technology, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This testing provides a snapshot of performance under specified operating conditions at some point in the life of a product, usually at the beginning of operation— these are referred to as initial measurements. It does not address lifetime ra...

Progressive type-II censoring scheme is a very popular scheme adopted by contributors in the fields of reliability and life-testing. In this paper, we consider a problem when this scheme is applied to a life-testing experiment in which each unit under test is a series system and the investigator is interested in obtaining reliability estimates of individual components. Assuming the components l...

In accelerated life testing, the products are tested at high stress conditions and the results are used to draw inferences about the product lifetime at the normal stress condition. The products can fail due to one of the several possible causes of failure which need not be independent. In this paper, we consider the accelerated life testing in the presence of dependent competing risks. We prop...

Developed primarily for optimization of functional and object-oriented software, escape analysis discerns information to determine whether the lifetime of data exceeds its static scope. In this paper, we demonstrate how to apply escape analysis to software engineering tasks. In particular, we present novel software testing and retesting techniques for object-oriented software which utilize esca...

The statistics of structural lifetime under constant load are related to the statistics of structural strength. The safety factors applied to structural strength must ensure failure probability no larger than 10 , which is beyond the means of direct verification by histogram testing. For perfectly brittle materials, extrapolation from the mean and variance to such a small tail probability is no...

BACKGROUND Studies in the United States show that rural persons with HIV are more likely than their urban counterparts to be diagnosed at a late stage of infection, suggesting missed opportunities for HIV testing in rural areas. To inform discussion of HIV testing policies in rural areas, we generated nationally representative, population-based estimates of HIV testing frequencies in urban vs. ...