Instability of the patella is a common cause of knee pain and dysfunction in pediatric and adolescent patients and can be due to several factors. Although some patients will recall a specific traumatic event others may not, requiring the diagnosis to be made on the basis of physical examination and imaging. Congenital dislocation and connective tissue disorders should also be considered, even i...

If the knee becomes unstable after a ligamentous injury, permanent problems may result, especially if the patient is an athlete with high functional demand. If the history indicates that there is possibly instability, an examination to detect the exact location and degree of this is performed. It is important to make this supplementary examination only when symptoms and signs found in the routi...

Methods The subject who sustained a grade 1 anterior talofibular ligamentous sprain injury on his right ankle during our previous case report [1] was invited to participate in this project. There were three steps: 1) Computational model development: CT scan was performed from mid-femur to the foot segments. The CT images were separated and meshed as individual solid bodies in MIMICS. These indi...

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries represent a minority of isolated ligamentous injuries to the knee. However the sequelae of these injuries can have a significant negative impact on function leading to instability, pain, and arthritis. A thorough understanding of the anatomy, mechanism of injury, and, pathophysiological changes that can occur with impaired PCL function can help the cli...

Ipsilateral fracture of the femur and tibia, or floating knee, is a rare injury that is found almost exclusively in polytrauma or high-energy trauma patients. It presents a combination of diaphyseal, metaphyseal and intra-articular fractures of the femur and tibia, with a high incidence of neurovascular, ligamentous and soft-tissue injuries. The functional outcome and, in some cases, the life, ...

CONTEXT Current research into the etiology of joint instability has yielded inconsistent results, limiting our understanding of how to prevent and treat ligamentous injury effectively. Recently, cortical reorganization was demonstrated in patients with ligamentous injury; however, these neural changes have not been assessed relative to joint laxity. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study ...

Index case: 1 10-years-oldboy Frequent elbow dislocation Short stature (-1SD), frontal bossing, opalescent teeth and ligamentous hyperlaxity, and easy brusiability Wormain bones, and skeletal survey revealed osteoporosis Two sisters with normal phenotype and with no history of fractures, apart from ligamentous hyperlaxity as the dominating features Four affected subjects: Father, two sisters an...

A case is reported of an acute traction injury of the patellar tendon in a boy of 14 with joint hypermobility. Such injuries are unusual but early diagnosis and surgical repair lead to a good long term outcome. In adolescents participating in sports, the awareness of the possibility of a rare knee extensor mechanism injury is essential for a successful outcome.