The superimposed pair of spiral galaxies comprising NGC 3314 offers a unique opportunity to trace the dust properties in a spiral galaxy. We analyze multicolor HST imaging, supported by ground-based near-IR imaging and fiber-array spectroscopy to measure dust extinction in the foreground Sc galaxy NGC 3314A, which is backlit by the Sb system NGC 3314B. The superposition allows us to measure ext...

We experimentally demonstrate phase-sensitive amplification in a silicon photonic crystal waveguide based on pump-degenerate four-wave mixing. An 11 dB phase-extinction ratio is obtained in a record compact 196 μm nanophotonic device due to broadband slow light, in spite of the presence of two-photon absorption and free carriers. Numerical calculations show good agreement with the experimental ...

Time-reversed ultrasonically encoded (TRUE) optical focusing was recently proposed to deliver light dynamically to a tight region inside a scattering medium. In this letter, we report the first development of a reflection-mode TRUE optical focusing system. A high numerical aperture light guide is used to transmit the diffusely reflected light from a turbid medium to a phase-conjugate mirror (PC...

We demonstrate experimentally the tuning of complete photonic band gaps in patterned silicon nitride waveguides. Transmission measurements were performed using an ultrabroadband high-brightness white light laser continuum, extracting extinction ratios as low as 10 in the gap regions. Angle-resolved measurements show the perfect alignment of the gap around the G-J direction. © 2000 American Inst...

Following the recent analyses of extinction by Berg et al. we show that although it is possible to define and measure the extinction cross section for a single particle using a detector of light facing the incident beam, this requires certain theoretical assumptions and experimental precautions. There are two conventional ways to define the extinction cross section C ext for a particle embedded...

A critical discussion is presented of the data analysis applied by Bernstein, Freedman, & Madore (2002a,b) in their measurement of the Extragalactic Background Light. There are questionable assumptions in the analysis of the ground-based observations of the Zodiacal Light. The modeling of the Diffuse Galactic Light is based on an underestimated value of the dust column density along the line of...

We present the historical light curve of T Tau derived from photographic plates in the Harvard College Observatory archives. We find that the optical light of T Tau varied by 2-3 (or more) magnitudes on time scales as short as a month prior to ∼ 1917, consistent with the results of Lozinskii (1949). Extreme light fluctuations of greater than 2 magnitudes abruptly ceased in the late 1910's and, ...

Avoidance and its perseveration represent key features of anxiety disorders. Both pharmacological and behavioral approaches (i.e., anxiolytics and extinction therapy) have been utilized to modulate avoidance behavior in patients. However, the outcome has not always been desirable. Part of the reason is attributed to the diverse neuropathology of anxiety disorders. Here, we investigated the effe...