OBJECTIVES To evaluate rater agreement for a simple 2-category classification of subcapital hip fractures versus the 4-category Garden classification and to determine the effect of clinician experience on the level of agreement. SETTING Sunnybrook and Women's Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, a level 1 trauma centre. METHOD Eleven raters, with varying levels of clinical experience (3 fellows...

OBJECTIVE To determine changes in ability to identify specific vegetables and fruits, and attitudes towards vegetables and fruit, associated with the introduction of a school-based food garden. DESIGN A 12-month intervention trial using a historical control (control n 132, intervention n 120), class-based, self-administered questionnaires requiring one-word answers and 3-point Likert scale re...

Cogongrass is a troublesome, invasive weedy species with reported allelopathic properties. The phytotoxicity of different constituents isolated from roots and aerial parts of this species was evaluated on garden lettuce and creeping bentgrass. No significant phytotoxic activity was detected in the methylene chloride, methanol, or water extracts when tested at 1.0 mg ml. However, the total essen...

an address at the Royal Sanitary Institute on April 26th, 1922, stated that recent observation by American workers had shown the pig to be a disseminator of hookworm larvae. In the annual report of the work done in the hookworm laboratory of the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine during 1921, issued by the Indian Tea Association on May 10th, 1922, Dr. R. Borland McVail writes: " In view of th...

The importance of contemplating perspectives can be illustrated by a famous garden at the Ryoanji Temple in Kyoto, Japan. Built in the late 1400s, the garden has 15 simple stones laid in meticulously raked white gravel. A veranda allows visitors to view the layout of the stones and pause for a moment of reflection. The positioning of the stones is fascinating; from any vantage point an observer...

To mitigate the negative effects of modern cities on health, scientists are focusing on the diverse benefits of natural environments; a conceptual approach to use gardens for promoting human health is being attempted. In this study, the effects of the visual landscape of a traditional garden on psychological and physiological activities were investigated. Eighteen male and female adults partici...

Seven pure-culture strains of fungi cultivated by attine ants (ant-garden fungi) were isolated from locally maintained leaf-cutting ant colonies. An ant-garden fungus strain obtained from an Atta cephalotes colony, when offered to ants of the colony from which the fungus was isolated, was accepted as their own. Young fungus cultures were harvested and incorporated into the fungus garden, and cu...

Abstract Rain gardens have been recognized as an effective device for on-site runoff volume reduction and storm water quality enhancement. A rain garden is designed as an infiltration basin with a shallow, wide water storage volume. The sub-base underneath the basin bottom is structured as a two-layered filtering medium. The upper sand layer provides the required filtering process and then the ...

The traditional Chinese garden contains many types of tings, corridors, walls, etc. For artists, it is tedious work to model these kinds of featured Chinese architecture due to the strict and complex construction rules. We propose an interactive and procedural tool to modeling featured Chinese architectures that appear in the Chinese garden. Based on the previous research about modeling basic s...

In common garden experiments, a number of genotypes are raised in a common environment in order to quantify the genetic component of phenotypic variation. Common gardens are thus ideally suited for disentangling how genetic and environmental factors contribute to the success of invasive species in their new non-native range. Although common garden experiments are increasingly employed in the st...