We present theoretical and numerical studies of the interaction between relativistically intense laser light and a two-temperature plasma consisting of one relativistically hot and one cold component of electrons. Such plasmas are frequently encountered in intense laser-plasma experiments where collisionless heating via Raman instabilities leads to a high-energetic tail in the electron distribu...

In dark-reared albino rats, exposure to 2 or 3 hr of intense light interrupted by 2 hr dark periods resulted in extensive degeneration of photoreceptor cells and degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Ascorbate (ie, vitamin C) administration prior to light exposure protected photoreceptors and the RPE from light damage. In the present study, ascorbate-treated and untreated rats w...

1 Plant community theory often invokes competition to explain why species diversity declines as productivity increases. Competition for all resources might become more intense and lead to greater competitive exclusion or, alternatively, competition for light only could become more intense and exclude poor light competitors. 2 To test these hypotheses, we constructed communities of seven old-fie...

Background Historically, rosacea treatments consisted of prescribing oral antibiotics, steroids, and isotretinoin, focusing more on the immediate eruption of the disease rather than the lasting vascular and fribrotic sequelea. More recently, Intense Pulse Light (IPL) has been shown to aid in the resolution of the vascular telangiectasia and general erythema. To this point, no modality has effec...

introduction: the unprotected eye is extremely sensitive to laser radiation and can be permanently damaged from direct or reflected beams. the area of the eye damaged by laser energy is dependent upon the wavelength of the incident laser beam, duration of exposure and tissue characteristics. this study aims to investigate the effect of intense green light from doubled frequency neodymium-doped ...

The human eye is constantly exposed to sunlight and artificial lighting. Light transmission through the eye is fundamental to its unique biological functions of directing vision and circadian rhythm and therefore light absorbed by the eye must be benign. However, exposure to the very intense ambient radiation can pose a hazard particularly if the recipient is over 40 years of age. There are age...

Crossing of the narrow skin layer in solid targets by electrons in a time shorter than a laser cycle represents one of the numerous collisionless absorption mechanisms of intense laser-matter interaction [1, 2, 3]. This kinetic effect is studied by a test particle approach in an energy interval extending into the relativistic domain. Three main results obtained are the strong dependence of the ...