We review the phenomena having an impact on the interaction between light, paper and color halftones. They comprise surface reflections and refractions at the air-paper interface, propagation of light within the paper, internal reflections at the paper-air interface, as well as ink spreading and trapping. We introduce basic notions from radiometry and optics, such as the definitions of radiant ...

A novel, to our knowledge, sensor for measuring the stretch in soft tissues such as skin is described. The technique, which is a modification of two-dimensional polarization imaging, uses changes in the reflectivity of polarized light as a monitor of skin stretch. Measurements show that the reflectivity increases with stretch. Measurements were made on guinea pig skin and on nonbiological mater...

The propagation and reflection of electromagnetic waves in a three-dimensional environment is simulated, and realistic images are produced using the resulting light distributions and reflectance functions. A finite difference time domain method is employed to advance the electric and magnetic fields in a scene. Surfaces containing wavelength scaled structures are created, the interaction of the...

Many students first learn of the law of reflection when they are told about the reflective properties of conics. Typically students are exposed to a curve or surface, and then its reflective properties are derived or verified. In this paper we explore reflection by starting from a desired property of an unknown reflector and proceeding to find a reflector with those properties. This is done in ...

The formation of cross-sectional images of biological tissues requires the discrimination between light conveying useful information—that is, propagating directly from object to image— from the abundant parasitic light caused by multiple scattering inherent to turbid media [1, 2]. In optical coherence tomography (OCT) [3], selective detection of light undergoing a single backscatter event (refl...

Multiple reflection of X-rays may be important when an accretion disc and its hot corona have a complicated geometry, or if returning radiation due to gravitational light bending is important, or in emission from a funnel such as proposed in some gamma-ray burst models. We simulate the effects of multiple reflection by modifying the boundary condition for an X-ray illuminated slab. Multiple ref...

We describe the reflection of a strongly focused beam from an interface between two dielectric media. If the beam is incident from the optically denser medium, the image generated by the reflected light is strongly aberrated. This situation is encountered in high-resolution confocal microscopy and data sampling based on solid immersion lenses and oil immersion objectives. The origin of the obse...

We present an efficient method for volume rendering. This method uses a special light source slit-light source to illuminate the volume and simulates the interactions of light with objects, such as light absorption, scattering and reflection. In comparison with previous methods, our method has several advantages. This includes flexibility for implementation, efficiency for computation, high rea...

Motivated by the recent demonstration of asymmetric transmission of light through stratified systems of various anisotropic metamaterials, we have established generalized reciprocal relations for both transmission and reflection for these systems referring to the two cases of incidence from opposite directions. These relations reduce to those derived previously for simple isotropic systems whic...

When unpolarised light is reflected from a smooth dielectric surface, it is spontaneously partially polarised. This process applies to both specular and diffuse reflection, although the effect is greatest for specular reflection. This paper is concerned with exploiting this phenomenon by processing images of smooth dielectric objects to recover surface normals and hence height. The paper presen...