Retinal blood flow velocity was measured in 24 normal volunteers and compared with the results obtained in 101 diabetics at different stages of retinopathy. The blue-light entoptic phenomenon was used to measure retinal flow velocity. Results showed that there was a significantly higher capillary flow velocity in those patients with background retinopathy (0.74 +/- 0.32 mms/s) over the group of...

The classical theory of dispersive signal propagation by Sommerfeld and Brillouin proposed in 1914 provided the first proof within the classical Maxwell–Lorentz theory that an electromagnetic signal could not propagate faster than the vacuum speed of light in a causal dielectric, also introducing the signal velocity and the precursor fields (or forerunners). Modern asymptotic theory has extende...

The Type Ia SN 2000cx exhibited multiple peculiarities, including a lopsided B–band light–curve peak that does not conform to current methods for using shapes of light curves to standardize SN Ia luminosities. We use the parameterized supernova synthetic–spectrum code Synow to study line identifications in the photospheric–phase spectra of SN 2000cx. Previous work established the presence of Ca...

The Type Ia SN 2000cx exhibited multiple peculiarities, including a lopsided B–band light–curve peak that does not conform to current methods for using shapes of light curves to standardize SN Ia luminosities. We use the parameterized supernova synthetic–spectrum code Synow to study line identifications in the photospheric–phase spectra of SN 2000cx. Previous work established the presence of Ca...

In order to understand the details of the flow field in the microand nanofluidic devices, it is necessary to measure the three-dimensional velocity field under a microscopy. Thus, the development of a new measuring technique for the three-dimensional velocity by a single camera is strongly needed. One solution is the use of holography, but it has been known that the resolution in the depth dire...

Wave catastrophes are characterized by logarithmic phase singularities. Examples are light at the horizon of a black hole, sound in transsonic fluids, waves in accelerated frames, light in singular dielectrics and slow light close to a zero of the group velocity. We show that the wave amplitude grows with a half-integer power for monodirectional and symmetric wave catastrophes.

The introduction of a plasma in a free-electron laser (FEL) helps radiation guiding via nonlinear refraction. At highradiation power density, when oscillatory electron velocity is comparable to the electron thermal velocity, the radiation pushes plasma radially out, forming a depleted plasma duct and guiding the radiation. The radius of the self-trapped laser is ~C/OJPO , where UJPO is the unpe...

The explanations of two experiments in general relativity require an average coordinate and an average proper velocity of light. It is shown that both average velocities are necessary for the complete description of the propagation of light in a gravitational field and in non-inertial reference frames in general. The usefulness of the average proper velocity of light is demonstrated (i) by show...

Information and physical action have both similar and different features. Moreover, alike to physical actions, that have several kinds, information can take also different forms. There were periods, when the study of the similarities in the natures of information and physical action prevailed. As FIS discussions demonstrate, the study of their differences was featured recently. (Cf., e.g., the ...

Performance assessment has become an invaluable component of monitoring participant's development in distinct sports, yet limited and contradictory data are available in trained subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between ball throwing velocity during a 3-step running throw in elite team handball players and selected measures of rate of force development like for...