Gnostic prose works cover a wide range of subjects, contents, styles, structures, languages, and manners of expression. They might, therefore, be all categorized under one single literary genre. Applying the general term "gnostic prose works" to these oeuvres hinders our understanding of their true nature. Despite that many gnostic prose works belong to Gnosticism, they have special characteris...

1-introduction languages employ different strategies to represent motion as one of the basic human cognitive abilities. in talmy's typological dichotomy (1991; 2000b) languages are of two types according to the way they represent path either in verb roots or in satellites, accordingly languages are either verb framed or satellite framed. slobin (1991;1996 a,b.1997;2000) performed corpus based a...

To date, little research on pragmatic transfer has considered a multilingual situation where there is an interaction among three different languages spoken by one person. Of interest was whether pragmatic transfer of refusals among three languages spoken by the same person occurs from L1 and L2 to L3, L1 to L2 and then to L3 or from L1 and L1 (if there are more than one L1) to L2. This study ai...

Following last two years’ workshop on dynamic languages at the ECOOP conference, the Dyla 2007 workshop was a successful and popular event. As its name implies, the workshop’s focus was on dynamic languages and their applications. Topics and discussions at the workshop included macro expansion mechanisms, extension of the method lookup algorithm, language interpretation, reflexivity and languag...

Every language has its characteristics and rules, though all languages share the same components like words, sentences, subject, verb, object and so on. Nevertheless, Chomsky suggested the theory of language acquisition in children instinctively through a universal grammar that represents a universal grammar for all human languages. Since it has its declaration, this theory has encountered crit...

The recent enormous increase in the availability of mobile devices such as phones, PDAs, webpads, tablet PCs etc. and with it the corresponding demand for interactive multimedia applications for these devices has brought marketing opportunities and technical challenges for companies producing content for current computer systems. Eurotalk Ltd. produces interactive language learning materials an...

The acquisition of the Possessive Construction is one of the main topics of interest within the acquisition of the DP. There are three main reasons for this: a) the Possessive Construction emerges very early in child speech, b) in many languages it involves movement, and thus it can provide evidence for the availability of movement operations, and c) it requires morphological marking both in la...

Natural Languages used by people for establishing proper communication consist of many words having multiple meanings known as polysemous but implies a single sense depending on the context. Word sense disambiguation is a method of determining the appropriate sense of a polysemous word in the context. WSD is almost finished for English. It is a challenging task for Indian languages since these ...

Declarative programming languages provide a higher level of abstraction and more powerful concepts than typical imperative and object oriented languages. On the other hand, the object oriented paradigm is superseding conventional approaches to software development like SA/SD and modular design. This is, among others, due to the better reusability and simpler maintenance of object oriented compo...

We present an experiment supporting the thesis that visual languages are well suited for programmers whose native language is not English. We first analyze the particular problems of our target group, Arabic speakers, in comprehending Pascal program structures, and we present a number of previously proposed solutions to this problem. We then present our own solution, a visual programming enviro...